महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-279, verse-25

रागी मुक्तः पचमानोऽऽत्महेतोर्मूर्खो वक्ता नृपहीनं च राष्ट्रम् ।
एते सर्वे शोच्यतां यान्ति राजन्यश्चायुक्तः स्नेहहीनः प्रजासु ॥२५॥

25. rāgī muktaḥ pacamāno''tmaheto;rmūrkho vaktā nṛpahīnaṁ ca rāṣṭram ,
ete sarve śocyatāṁ yānti rāja;nyaścāyuktaḥ snehahīnaḥ prajāsu.

25. rāgī muktaḥ pacamānaḥ ātmahetoḥ
mūrkhaḥ vaktā nṛpahīnam ca rāṣṭram
ete sarve śocyatām yānti rājanyaḥ
ca ayuktaḥ snehahīnaḥ prajāsu

25. rāgī muktaḥ ātmahetoḥ pacamānaḥ
mūrkhaḥ vaktā ca nṛpahīnam rāṣṭram
ca ayuktaḥ snehahīnaḥ prajāsu
rājanyaḥ ete sarve śocyatām yānti

25. A passionate person who is supposedly liberated (mokṣa); one who cooks merely for their own benefit; a foolish speaker; and a kingdom devoid of a ruler—all these fall into a pitiable state. Also, a ruler who is unqualified and lacks affection for his subjects (prajā).

Words meanings summery:

• रागी (rāgī) - passionate (passionate, attached, lustful)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (mokṣa) (released, liberated, freed)

• पचमानः (pacamānaḥ) - one who cooks (cooking, maturing, ripening, performing (a Vedic ritual))

• आत्महेतोः (ātmahetoḥ) - merely for their own benefit (for one's own sake, for oneself)

• मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - foolish (foolish, stupid, a fool)

• वक्ता (vaktā) - speaker (speaker, orator)

• नृपहीनम् (nṛpahīnam) - devoid of a ruler (devoid of a king, kingless)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - a kingdom (kingdom, state, country)

• एते (ete) - all these (these)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• शोच्यताम् (śocyatām) - to a pitiable state (to lamentability, pitiableness, wretchedness)

• यान्ति (yānti) - they fall into, they attain (they go, they attain, they reach)

• राजन्यः (rājanyaḥ) - a ruler (a Kshatriya, a noble, a ruler)

• च (ca) - Also (and, also)

• अयुक्तः (ayuktaḥ) - unqualified (unfit, improper, unqualified, not engaged)

• स्नेहहीनः (snehahīnaḥ) - lacks affection (devoid of affection, loveless)

• प्रजासु (prajāsu) - towards his subjects (prajā) (among subjects, towards subjects, concerning offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

रागी (rāgī) - passionate (passionate, attached, lustful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāgin

rāgin - passionate, desirous, attached, enamored, lustful

from rāga (color, passion, attachment) + in (suffix)

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (mokṣa) (released, liberated, freed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, freed, liberated, disjoined (related to mokṣa)

past passive participle

past passive participle of root muc (to release)

Root: muc (class 6)

पचमानः (pacamānaḥ) - one who cooks (cooking, maturing, ripening, performing (a Vedic ritual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pacamāna

pacamāna - cooking, ripening, performing (a Vedic ritual)

present middle participle

Present middle participle of root pac (to cook, to ripen, to perform)

Root: pac (class 1)

आत्महेतोः (ātmahetoḥ) - merely for their own benefit (for one's own sake, for oneself)

(noun)

masculine, singular of ātmahetu

ātmahetu - for one's own sake, cause of self

compound of ātman (self) and hetu (reason, cause)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+hetu)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an adverbial phrase for 'for the sake of'.

मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - foolish (foolish, stupid, a fool)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - foolish, stupid, ignorant, a fool

वक्ता (vaktā) - speaker (speaker, orator)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaktṛ

vaktṛ - speaker, orator, preacher

agent noun

agent noun from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

नृपहीनम् (nṛpahīnam) - devoid of a ruler (devoid of a king, kingless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nṛpahīna

nṛpahīna - kingless, devoid of a ruler

compound of nṛpa (king) and hīna (devoid of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+hīna)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector)
• hīna – deficient, low, inferior, abandoned, devoid of
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  past passive participle
  past passive participle of root hā (to abandon, to fail)
  Root: hā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - a kingdom (kingdom, state, country)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, empire, country, state

from rāj (to rule)

एते (ete) - all these (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the preceding list of undesirable individuals/situations.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'ete'.

शोच्यताम् (śocyatām) - to a pitiable state (to lamentability, pitiableness, wretchedness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śocyatā

śocyatā - state of being pitiable, lamentability, wretchedness

from śocya (pitiable, lamentable) + tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Object of 'yānti'.

यान्ति (yānti) - they fall into, they attain (they go, they attain, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

present active

Root: yā (class 2)

राजन्यः (rājanyaḥ) - a ruler (a Kshatriya, a noble, a ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājanya

rājanya - a man of the royal or noble class, a Kshatriya

from rājan (king) + ya (affix)

च (ca) - Also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अयुक्तः (ayuktaḥ) - unqualified (unfit, improper, unqualified, not engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ayukta

ayukta - unyoked, not joined, unfit, improper, unqualified, not attentive

'a' (negation) + 'yukta' (joined, fit, proper)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yukta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• yukta – joined, connected, fit, proper, engaged
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  past passive participle
  past passive participle of root yuj
  Root: yuj (class 7)

स्नेहहीनः (snehahīnaḥ) - lacks affection (devoid of affection, loveless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of snehahīna

snehahīna - devoid of affection, loveless, cruel

compound of sneha (affection, love) and hīna (devoid of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sneha+hīna)

• sneha – affection, love, tenderness, oil
  noun (masculine)
• hīna – deficient, low, inferior, abandoned, devoid of
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  past passive participle
  past passive participle of root hā (to abandon, to fail)
  Root: hā (class 3)

प्रजासु (prajāsu) - towards his subjects (prajā) (among subjects, towards subjects, concerning offspring)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects (of a king), people

from prefix pra + root jan (to be born)

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)