महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-279, verse-23

परेषां यदसूयेत न तत्कुर्यात्स्वयं नरः ।
यो ह्यसूयुस्तथायुक्तः सोऽवहासं नियच्छति ॥२३॥

23. pareṣāṁ yadasūyeta na tatkuryātsvayaṁ naraḥ ,
yo hyasūyustathāyuktaḥ so'vahāsaṁ niyacchati.

23. pareṣām yat asūyeta na tat kuryāt svayam naraḥ
yaḥ hi asūyuḥ tathāyuktaḥ saḥ avahāsam niyacchati

23. naraḥ pareṣām yat asūyeta tat svayam na kuryāt hi
yaḥ asūyuḥ tathāyuktaḥ saḥ avahāsam niyacchati

23. A person should not do to themselves that which they would resent in others. For indeed, one who is envious and acts in that manner incurs ridicule.

Words meanings summery:

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - in others, regarding others (of others, belonging to others)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that which)

• असूयेत (asūyeta) - one might resent (one might envy, one might resent, one might feel malice)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, it)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do (one should do, one might do)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - to themselves (oneself, by oneself)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a person (a man, a person)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, for, because)

• असूयुः (asūyuḥ) - envious (envious, malicious, grudging)

• तथायुक्तः (tathāyuktaḥ) - acts in that manner (thus endowed, so engaged, acting in that manner)

• सः (saḥ) - that one (he, that one)

• अवहासम् (avahāsam) - ridicule (ridicule, mockery, derision)

• नियच्छति (niyacchati) - incurs (controls, restrains, obtains, incurs, brings upon oneself)

Words meanings and morphology

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - in others, regarding others (of others, belonging to others)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/feminine/neuter, plural of para

para - other, different, supreme, distant

Note: Used substantively to mean 'others'.

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Accusative, object of asūyeta.

असूयेत (asūyeta) - one might resent (one might envy, one might resent, one might feel malice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of asūy

optative active

Desiderative of sūy, often considered a denominative from asūyā (envy).

Root: asūy (class 10)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Coreferential with 'yat'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do (one should do, one might do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

optative active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies a moral injunction.

स्वयम् (svayam) - to themselves (oneself, by oneself)

(indeclinable)

Note: Reflexive adverb.

नरः (naraḥ) - a person (a man, a person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'kuryāt'.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

असूयुः (asūyuḥ) - envious (envious, malicious, grudging)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asūyu

asūyu - envious, malicious, grudging, fault-finding

from asūyā (envy)

Note: Predicate adjective.

तथायुक्तः (tathāyuktaḥ) - acts in that manner (thus endowed, so engaged, acting in that manner)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tathāyukta

tathāyukta - thus joined, so engaged, endowed with such qualities

compound of 'tathā' (thus) and 'yukta' (joined, engaged)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+yukta)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• yukta – joined, connected, engaged, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  past passive participle of root yuj
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that one (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative of 'yaḥ'.

अवहासम् (avahāsam) - ridicule (ridicule, mockery, derision)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avahāsa

avahāsa - ridicule, mockery, derision, contempt

from ava-hāsa (laughter, mockery)

Prefix: ava

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Object of 'niyacchati'.

नियच्छति (niyacchati) - incurs (controls, restrains, obtains, incurs, brings upon oneself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of niyam

present active

from prefix ni + root yam

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)