महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-266, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
मोक्षः पितामहेनोक्त उपायान्नानुपायतः ।
तमुपायं यथान्यायं श्रोतुमिच्छामि भारत ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
mokṣaḥ pitāmahenokta upāyānnānupāyataḥ ,
tamupāyaṁ yathānyāyaṁ śrotumicchāmi bhārata.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca mokṣaḥ pitāmahena uktaḥ upāyāt na
anupāyataḥ tam upāyam yathānyāyam śrotum icchāmi bhārata

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: bhārata,
mokṣaḥ pitāmahena upāyāt uktaḥ,
na anupāyataḥ.
tam upāyam yathānyāyam śrotum icchāmi.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'Grandfather (Bhīṣma) has spoken of liberation (mokṣa) as being achieved through proper means (upāya), not without means. O descendant of Bharata (Bhārata), I desire to hear about those means (upāya) in detail, as it should be explained.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the speaker) (Yudhiṣṭhira (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - liberation (mokṣa) (liberation, emancipation)

• पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by the grandfather (Bhīṣma) (by the grandfather)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - has been spoken of (spoken, said, declared)

• उपायात् (upāyāt) - as being achieved through proper means (upāya) (by means, by method, from means)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अनुपायतः (anupāyataḥ) - not without means (without means, by lack of means)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the means/method) (that, him)

• उपायम् (upāyam) - that means (upāya) (means, method)

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - as it should be explained, in detail (according to justice, properly, as it should be)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire (I wish, I desire)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressed to Bhīṣma by Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the speaker) (Yudhiṣṭhira (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name, lit. 'firm in battle')

Compound 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm).

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - liberation (mokṣa) (liberation, emancipation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, emancipation, release

Derived from root 'muc' (to release, free).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'uktaḥ'.

पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by the grandfather (Bhīṣma) (by the grandfather)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father)

Compound 'pitṛ' (father) + 'maha' (great).

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'uktaḥ'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - has been spoken of (spoken, said, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'mokṣaḥ'.

उपायात् (upāyāt) - as being achieved through proper means (upāya) (by means, by method, from means)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - means, method, resource, stratagem

Derived from 'upa' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates the means by which liberation is attained.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following term.

अनुपायतः (anupāyataḥ) - not without means (without means, by lack of means)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anupāya

anupāya - lack of means, without means

Compound of 'an-' (privative prefix) + 'upāya' (means).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (an+upāya)

• an – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Privative prefix.
• upāya – means, method, resource
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'upa' + root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: The suffix '-taḥ' makes it an adverbial ablative, indicating 'from/by means of without means'.

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the means/method) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'upāyam'.

उपायम् (upāyam) - that means (upāya) (means, method)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - means, method, resource, stratagem

Derived from 'upa' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrotum icchāmi'.

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - as it should be explained, in detail (according to justice, properly, as it should be)

(indeclinable)

Compound 'yathā' (as, according to) + 'nyāya' (justice, rule, method).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• nyāya – justice, rule, method, logical argument
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'ni' + root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'śrotum'.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of śru

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'śru'.

Root: śru (class 5)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressed to Bhīṣma by Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Patronymic from Bharata.

Note: Yudhiṣṭhira is addressing Bhīṣma.