महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-21, verse-1

देवस्थान उवाच ।
अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
इन्द्रेण समये पृष्टो यदुवाच बृहस्पतिः ॥१॥

1. devasthāna uvāca ,
atraivodāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
indreṇa samaye pṛṣṭo yaduvāca bṛhaspatiḥ.

1. devasthānaḥ uvāca atra eva udāharanti imam itihāsaṃ
purātanam indreṇa samaye pṛṣṭaḥ yat uvāca bṛhaspatiḥ

1. devasthānaḥ uvāca atra eva imam purātanam itihāsam
udāharanti yat bṛhaspatiḥ samaye indreṇa pṛṣṭaḥ uvāca

1. Devasthana said: "Here, indeed, they recount this ancient narrative (itihāsa) – what Bṛhaspati said when he was questioned by Indra at that time."

Words meanings summery:

• देवस्थानः (devasthānaḥ) - Devathana (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• अत्र (atra) - Here (in this context) (here, in this matter)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they recount (they cite, they relate, they exemplify)

• इमम् (imam) - this (narrative) (this, this one)

• इतिहासं (itihāsaṁ) - ancient narrative (itihāsa) (history, legend, narrative)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra

• समये (samaye) - at that time, on that occasion

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - questioned (questioned, asked)

• यत् (yat) - what (Bṛhaspati said) (what, which, that (relative pronoun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods)

Words meanings and morphology

देवस्थानः (devasthānaḥ) - Devathana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devasthāna

devasthāna - a proper name (lit. 'place of gods' or 'god's abode')

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+sthāna)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 1)
• sthāna – place, abode, standing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The perfect tense of vac.

अत्र (atra) - Here (in this context) (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they recount (they cite, they relate, they exemplify)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

present, 3rd person plural, active voice

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject "they" (implied).

इमम् (imam) - this (narrative) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with itihāsaṃ.

इतिहासं (itihāsaṁ) - ancient narrative (itihāsa) (history, legend, narrative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, tradition, epic narrative

iti-ha-āsa (thus indeed it was)

Note: Object of udāharanti.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

from purā (formerly)

Note: Agrees with itihāsaṃ.

इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, king of gods

समये (samaye) - at that time, on that occasion

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - time, occasion, appointment, convention

Note: Temporal adverbial.

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - questioned (questioned, asked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prach

prach - to ask, to question

past passive participle

root prach + kta (cha changed to ṣṭa)

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Bṛhaspati.

यत् (yat) - what (Bṛhaspati said) (what, which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Serves as the object of udāharanti via the clause.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Verb for Bṛhaspati.

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati, preceptor of the gods, lord of prayer

Compound type : tatpurusha (bṛhas+pati)

• bṛhas – prayer, devotion, hymn
  noun (neuter)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of uvāca.