महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-194, verse-5

यदर्थशास्त्रागममन्त्रविद्भिर्यज्ञैरनेकैर्वरगोप्रदानैः ।
फलं महद्भिर्यदुपास्यते च तत्किं कथं वा भविता क्व वा तत् ॥५॥

5. yadarthaśāstrāgamamantravidbhi;ryajñairanekairvaragopradānaiḥ ,
phalaṁ mahadbhiryadupāsyate ca; tatkiṁ kathaṁ vā bhavitā kva vā tat.

5. yat arthaśāstrāgamamantravidbhiḥ
yajñaiḥ anekaiḥ varagopradānaiḥ
phalam mahadbhiḥ yat upāsyate ca
tat kim katham vā bhavitā kva vā tat

5. yat arthaśāstrāgamamantravidbhiḥ anekaiḥ yajñaiḥ varagopradānaiḥ ca mahadbhiḥ phalam yat upāsyate,
tat kim vā katham bhavitā vā kva tat?

5. What is that great result (phalam) that is sought and attained by those who are knowledgeable in treatises on material welfare (arthaśāstra), traditional doctrines (āgama), and sacred formulas (mantra), and by means of numerous sacrificial rites (yajña) and the offering of excellent cows? What is its nature, how will it come to be, and where is it located?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which (is attained) (which, what)

• अर्थशास्त्रागममन्त्रविद्भिः (arthaśāstrāgamamantravidbhiḥ) - by the scholars and experts in these specific fields (by those knowledgeable in treatises on material welfare, traditional doctrines, and sacred formulas (mantra))

• यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by various sacrificial ceremonies (yajña) (by sacrifices (yajña), by sacrificial rites)

• अनेकैः (anekaiḥ) - by many (sacrifices) (by many, by numerous)

• वरगोप्रदानैः (varagopradānaiḥ) - by the acts of giving prized cows in charity (by the offering of excellent cows)

• फलम् (phalam) - the great ultimate result (fruit, result, consequence)

• महद्भिः (mahadbhiḥ) - by great beings or great efforts (referring to the combined actions/agents) (by great ones, by great things/means)

• यत् (yat) - that (fruit) which (which, what)

• उपास्यते (upāsyate) - is sought after or attained (is worshipped, is served, is practiced, is attained)

• च (ca) - and

• तत् (tat) - that (fruit, which is being inquired about) (that)

• किम् (kim) - what is it? (its nature) (what?)

• कथम् (katham) - how will it manifest or be achieved? (how? in what manner?)

• वा (vā) - or (introducing alternatives) (or, either)

• भविता (bhavitā) - how will it manifest or come into existence? (will be, will happen)

• क्व (kva) - where is it found or resides? (where? to what place?)

• वा (vā) - or (introducing alternatives) (or, either)

• तत् (tat) - that (fruit, which is being inquired about) (that)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which (is attained) (which, what)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever, that

Relative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular.

अर्थशास्त्रागममन्त्रविद्भिः (arthaśāstrāgamamantravidbhiḥ) - by the scholars and experts in these specific fields (by those knowledgeable in treatises on material welfare, traditional doctrines, and sacred formulas (mantra))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of arthaśāstrāgamamantravid

arthaśāstrāgamamantravid - one knowledgeable in arthaśāstra (economics/polity), āgama (traditions/scriptures), and mantra (sacred formulas)

Compound noun formed from arthaśāstra, āgama, mantra, and vid (knowing). Instrumental plural.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (arthaśāstra+āgama+mantra+vid)

• arthaśāstra – science of wealth or polity, economics, statesmanship (arthaśāstra)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound: artha (purpose, wealth) + śāstra (treatise, science).
• āgama – approach, coming, tradition, scripture, sacred doctrine (āgama)
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√gam (to come, approach).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• mantra – sacred utterance, hymn, prayer, counsel, sacred formula (mantra)
  noun (masculine)
  From √man (to think) + -tra suffix.
  Root: man (class 4)
• vid – knowing, wise, learned, expert
  adjective
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agent of the action 'upāsyate'.

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by various sacrificial ceremonies (yajña) (by sacrifices (yajña), by sacrificial rites)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, worship, offering, ritual (yajña)

From root √yaj (to worship, sacrifice).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Denotes means of attainment.

अनेकैः (anekaiḥ) - by many (sacrifices) (by many, by numerous)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aneka

aneka - not one, many, numerous, diverse

Compound: a- (not) + eka (one).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+eka)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• eka – one, single, unique
  adjective

वरगोप्रदानैः (varagopradānaiḥ) - by the acts of giving prized cows in charity (by the offering of excellent cows)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of varagopradāna

varagopradāna - giving of excellent cows

Compound: vara (excellent) + go (cow) + pradāna (giving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vara+go+pradāna)

• vara – excellent, best, noble, boon
  adjective
  From √vṛ (to choose).
  Root: vṛ (class 9)
• go – cow, ox, cattle, ray of light, earth
  noun (feminine)
  Masculine/feminine o-stem noun.
• pradāna – giving, offering, donation, grant (dāna)
  noun (neuter)
  From pra-√dā (to give).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Denotes means of attainment.

फलम् (phalam) - the great ultimate result (fruit, result, consequence)

(noun)

neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, advantage, reward, consequence

Note: The primary object of the inquiry.

महद्भिः (mahadbhiḥ) - by great beings or great efforts (referring to the combined actions/agents) (by great ones, by great things/means)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, powerful, noble, important

Present Active Participle (of √mah)

From root √mah (to be great, to grow), present active participle.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Functions as an instrumental plural, referring to agents or means, parallel to the preceding instrumental plurals.

यत् (yat) - that (fruit) which (which, what)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever, that

Relative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular.

उपास्यते (upāsyate) - is sought after or attained (is worshipped, is served, is practiced, is attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of upās

Present Tense (Laṭ), Passive voice

From root √ās (2nd class, Ātmanepada) with prefix upa-. Present passive 3rd singular.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Its subject is 'phalam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'mahadbhiḥ' with 'upāsyate'.

तत् (tat) - that (fruit, which is being inquired about) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.

किम् (kim) - what is it? (its nature) (what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who? what? which? why?

Interrogative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.

कथम् (katham) - how will it manifest or be achieved? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

वा (vā) - or (introducing alternatives) (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भविता (bhavitā) - how will it manifest or come into existence? (will be, will happen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (luṭ) of bhū

Periphrastic Future Tense (Luṭ)

From root √bhū (1st class, Parasmaipada). Future active 3rd singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

क्व (kva) - where is it found or resides? (where? to what place?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb of place.

वा (vā) - or (introducing alternatives) (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

तत् (tat) - that (fruit, which is being inquired about) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.