महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-194, verse-10

मनुरुवाच ।
यद्यत्प्रियं यस्य सुखं तदाहुस्तदेव दुःखं प्रवदन्त्यनिष्टम् ।
इष्टं च मे स्यादितरच्च न स्यादेतत्कृते कर्मविधिः प्रवृत्तः ।
इष्टं त्वनिष्टं च न मां भजेतेत्येतत्कृते ज्ञानविधिः प्रवृत्तः ॥१०॥

10. manuruvāca ,
yadyatpriyaṁ yasya sukhaṁ tadāhu;stadeva duḥkhaṁ pravadantyaniṣṭam ,
iṣṭaṁ ca me syāditaracca na syā;detatkṛte karmavidhiḥ pravṛttaḥ ,
iṣṭaṁ tvaniṣṭaṁ ca na māṁ bhajete;tyetatkṛte jñānavidhiḥ pravṛttaḥ.

10. manuḥ uvāca yat yat priyam yasya sukham tat āhuḥ tat eva
duḥkham pravadanti aniṣṭam iṣṭam ca me syāt itarat ca
na syāt etat kṛte karmavidhiḥ pravṛttaḥ iṣṭam tu aniṣṭam
ca na mām bhajete iti etat kṛte jñānavidhiḥ pravṛttaḥ

10. manuḥ uvāca yasya yat yat priyam tat sukham āhuḥ tat eva
aniṣṭam duḥkham pravadanti me iṣṭam ca syāt itarat ca na
syāt etat kṛte karmavidhiḥ pravṛttaḥ tu iṣṭam ca aniṣṭam
ca mām na bhajete iti etat kṛte jñānavidhiḥ pravṛttaḥ

10. Manu said: Whatever is dear to a person, that they call happiness; and that very thing, if undesired, they declare to be unhappiness. The rule of ritual action was established for the purpose that what is desired might be mine, and what is undesired might not be. However, the rule of knowledge was established so that neither what is desired nor what is undesired should affect me.

Words meanings summery:

• मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (a primordial man, lawgiver)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, declared

• यत् (yat) - whatever, which

• यत् (yat) - whatever, which

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, pleasant

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, to whom

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, comfort

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - unhappiness, suffering, pain

• प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they declare, they proclaim

• अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - undesired, unpleasant, bad

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired, wished for, good

• च (ca) - and

• मे (me) - to me, mine, for me

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, should be

• इतरत् (itarat) - undesired thing (other, different, undesired)

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, should be

• एतत् (etat) - of this, for this

• कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

• कर्मविधिः (karmavidhiḥ) - rule of ritual action, injunction regarding ritual acts

• प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - established, commenced, engaged

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired, wished for, good

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - undesired, unpleasant, bad

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not

• माम् (mām) - me

• भजेते (bhajete) - should affect (may affect, may attend, may participate)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks direct speech or thought)

• एतत् (etat) - of this, for this

• कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

• ज्ञानविधिः (jñānavidhiḥ) - rule of knowledge, injunction regarding knowledge

• प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - established, commenced, engaged

Words meanings and morphology

मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (a primordial man, lawgiver)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manu

manu - Manu, primordial man, progenitor of mankind, lawgiver

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd singular active of root vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - whatever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, whatever, that

यत् (yat) - whatever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, whatever, that

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, pleasant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable

Root: √prī (class 9)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, to whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, comfort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect 3rd plural active of root ah (alternative for √brū)

Root: √ah (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - unhappiness, suffering, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - unhappiness, suffering, pain, sorrow

प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they declare, they proclaim

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vad

Present 3rd plural active of root vad with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: √vad (class 1)

अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - undesired, unpleasant, bad

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aniṣṭa

aniṣṭa - undesired, unpleasant, bad, inauspicious

Negative compound of iṣṭa

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+iṣṭa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• iṣṭa – desired, wished, worshipped
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yaj (yaj-1P) with suffix -ta, with irregular sandhi
  Root: √yaj (class 1)

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired, wished for, good

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished for, good, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yaj (yaj-1P) with suffix -ta, with irregular sandhi

Root: √yaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me, mine, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Can also be genitive.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative 3rd singular active of root as

Root: √as (class 2)

इतरत् (itarat) - undesired thing (other, different, undesired)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of itara

itara - other, different, the remaining

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative 3rd singular active of root as

Root: √as (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - of this, for this

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Used here effectively as an adjective modifying 'kṛte'.

कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

(indeclinable)

Locative singular of kṛta, used as an indeclinable postposition

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

कर्मविधिः (karmavidhiḥ) - rule of ritual action, injunction regarding ritual acts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karmavidhi

karmavidhi - rule of ritual action, injunction regarding ritual acts

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+vidhi)

• karma – action, deed, ritual action
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (kṛ-8U) with suffix -man
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)
• vidhi – rule, injunction, method
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhā with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √dhā (class 3)

प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - established, commenced, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, engaged, active, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-√vṛt (vṛt-1A) with suffix -ta

Prefix: pra

Root: √vṛt (class 1)

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired, wished for, good

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished for, good, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yaj (yaj-1P) with suffix -ta, with irregular sandhi

Root: √yaj (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - undesired, unpleasant, bad

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aniṣṭa

aniṣṭa - undesired, unpleasant, bad, inauspicious

Negative compound of iṣṭa

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+iṣṭa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• iṣṭa – desired, wished, worshipped
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yaj (yaj-1P) with suffix -ta, with irregular sandhi
  Root: √yaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

भजेते (bhajete) - should affect (may affect, may attend, may participate)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhaj

Optative 3rd dual middle of root bhaj (bhaj-1A)

Root: √bhaj (class 1)

Note: Dual because it refers to 'iṣṭam ca aniṣṭam ca'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - of this, for this

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Used here effectively as an adjective modifying 'kṛte'.

कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

(indeclinable)

Locative singular of kṛta, used as an indeclinable postposition

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

ज्ञानविधिः (jñānavidhiḥ) - rule of knowledge, injunction regarding knowledge

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñānavidhi

jñānavidhi - rule of knowledge, injunction regarding knowledge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+vidhi)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root jñā (jñā-9P)
  Root: √jñā (class 9)
• vidhi – rule, injunction, method
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhā with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √dhā (class 3)

प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - established, commenced, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, engaged, active, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-√vṛt (vṛt-1A) with suffix -ta

Prefix: pra

Root: √vṛt (class 1)