महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-194, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं फलं ज्ञानयोगस्य वेदानां नियमस्य च ।
भूतात्मा वा कथं ज्ञेयस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ phalaṁ jñānayogasya vedānāṁ niyamasya ca ,
bhūtātmā vā kathaṁ jñeyastanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kim phalam jñānayogasya vedānām
niyamasya ca bhūtātmā vā katham jñeyaḥ tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha
jñānayogasya phalam kim vedānām
niyamasya ca phalam kim vā
bhūtātmā katham jñeyaḥ tat me brūhi

1. Yudhishthira said: What is the fruit of the spiritual discipline of knowledge (jñānayoga) and of the Vedic injunctions? Or how is the individual self (bhūtātman) to be known? Please tell me that, O Grandfather.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what?

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

• ज्ञानयोगस्य (jñānayogasya) - of the spiritual discipline of knowledge (jñānayoga)

• वेदानाम् (vedānām) - of the Vedas

• नियमस्य (niyamasya) - of the rule, of the regulation, of the injunction

• च (ca) - and

• भूतात्मा (bhūtātmā) - the individual self (bhūtātman), the self of beings

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable

• तत् (tat) - that (which has been asked) (that)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective
  from √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, who?

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

ज्ञानयोगस्य (jñānayogasya) - of the spiritual discipline of knowledge (jñānayoga)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jñānayoga

jñānayoga - yoga (spiritual discipline) of knowledge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+yoga)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  from √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• yoga – union, spiritual discipline, method, path
  noun (masculine)
  from √yuj (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

वेदानाम् (vedānām) - of the Vedas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda (sacred texts), knowledge

from √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

नियमस्य (niyamasya) - of the rule, of the regulation, of the injunction

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - rule, regulation, restraint, injunction

from ni-√yam (to restrain)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भूतात्मा (bhūtātmā) - the individual self (bhūtātman), the self of beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūtātman

bhūtātman - the individual self, the embodied soul, the soul of creatures

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+ātman)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, ought to be known

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

from √jñā (to know) + ya suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies bhūtātmā.

तत् (tat) - that (which has been asked) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the previous questions.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of dative or genitive. Here dative.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood

2nd person singular imperative active; root is √brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great ancestor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great
  adjective

Note: Bhishma is Yudhishthira's grandfather.