महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-19, verse-26

तपसा महदाप्नोति बुद्ध्या वै विन्दते महत् ।
त्यागेन सुखमाप्नोति सदा कौन्तेय धर्मवित् ॥२६॥

26. tapasā mahadāpnoti buddhyā vai vindate mahat ,
tyāgena sukhamāpnoti sadā kaunteya dharmavit.

26. tapasā mahat āpnoti buddhyā vai vindate mahat
tyāgena sukham āpnoti sadā kaunteya dharmavit

26. kaunteya tapasā mahat āpnoti buddhyā vai mahat
vindate tyāgena sadā sukham āpnoti dharmavit

26. One attains greatness through spiritual discipline (tapas). Indeed, through intellect, one finds that which is great. By renunciation, one always attains happiness, O son of Kunti, as a knower of the intrinsic nature of things (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, through spiritual discipline, by penance

• महत् (mahat) - greatness, the great, the supreme reality

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains, reaches, obtains

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, through understanding, by discernment

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, discovers

• महत् (mahat) - greatness, the great, the supreme reality

• त्यागेन (tyāgena) - by renunciation, through sacrifice, by abandonment

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, pleasure

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains, reaches, obtains

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kunti) (O son of Kunti)

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma, righteous person, one who understands natural law

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, through spiritual discipline, by penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - spiritual discipline, austerity, penance, heat

महत् (mahat) - greatness, the great, the supreme reality

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, the great principle (cosmic intellect)

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains, reaches, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, through understanding, by discernment

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, intelligence, understanding, discernment

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, discovers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 4)

महत् (mahat) - greatness, the great, the supreme reality

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, the great principle (cosmic intellect)

त्यागेन (tyāgena) - by renunciation, through sacrifice, by abandonment

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, pleasure

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, joy

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains, reaches, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kunti) (O son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhima)

patronymic from Kunti

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma, righteous person, one who understands natural law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit

dharmavit - knower of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, religion
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, understanding, wise
  adjective
  derived from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)