महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-19, verse-21

अस्मिन्नेवं सूक्ष्मगम्ये मार्गे सद्भिर्निषेविते ।
कथमर्थमनर्थाढ्यमर्जुन त्वं प्रशंससि ॥२१॥

21. asminnevaṁ sūkṣmagamye mārge sadbhirniṣevite ,
kathamarthamanarthāḍhyamarjuna tvaṁ praśaṁsasi.

21. asmin evam sūkṣmagamye mārge sadbhiḥ niṣevite
katham artham anarthāḍhyam arjuna tvam praśaṃsasi

21. arjuna! evam asmin sūkṣmagamye sadbhiḥ niṣevite mārge,
tvam anarthāḍhyam artham katham praśaṃsasi?

21. O Arjuna, how can you praise wealth (artha), which is full of misfortune, in this way, on this path that is subtly accessible and followed by the virtuous?

Words meanings summery:

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• एवम् (evam) - in this way (referring to the path) (thus, in this manner, so)

• सूक्ष्मगम्ये (sūkṣmagamye) - subtly accessible, attainable by subtle means

• मार्गे (mārge) - on the path, way, course

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the virtuous people (by good people, by the virtuous, by the existent ones)

• निषेविते (niṣevite) - resorted to, practiced, followed, served

• कथम् (katham) - how can you (how, why)

• अर्थम् (artham) - material wealth/gain (wealth, purpose, object, meaning)

• अनर्थाढ्यम् (anarthāḍhyam) - fraught with misery (full of misfortune, abounding in evil)

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• प्रशंससि (praśaṁsasi) - you praise, you commend

Words meanings and morphology

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Adjective to 'mārge'.

एवम् (evam) - in this way (referring to the path) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

सूक्ष्मगम्ये (sūkṣmagamye) - subtly accessible, attainable by subtle means

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūkṣmagamya

sūkṣmagamya - subtly accessible, to be reached by subtle understanding

Compound of 'sūkṣma' and 'gamya'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūkṣma+gamya)

• sūkṣma – subtle, fine, minute, delicate
  adjective (masculine)
• gamya – to be gone to, accessible, comprehensible
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go) + suffix 'ya'.
  Root: gam (गम्) (class 1)

Note: Adjective to 'mārge'.

मार्गे (mārge) - on the path, way, course

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, way, road, course, method, doctrine

From root 'mṛj' (to cleanse, purify) or 'mṛg' (to seek).

Root: mṛj (मृज्) (class 2)

Note: The location where the activity happens.

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the virtuous people (by good people, by the virtuous, by the existent ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real, true

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (अस्) (class 2)

Note: Agent of 'niṣevite'.

निषेविते (niṣevite) - resorted to, practiced, followed, served

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of niṣevita

niṣevita - resorted to, practiced, frequented, served

Past Passive Participle

From 'ni-sev' (to frequent, serve, practice).

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (सेव्) (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mārge'.

कथम् (katham) - how can you (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

अर्थम् (artham) - material wealth/gain (wealth, purpose, object, meaning)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, object, meaning, wealth, material gain

From root 'ṛ' (to go, move) or 'arth' (to seek).

Root: ṛ (ऋ)

Note: Object of 'praśaṃsasi'.

अनर्थाढ्यम् (anarthāḍhyam) - fraught with misery (full of misfortune, abounding in evil)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anarthāḍhya

anarthāḍhya - rich in misfortune, full of evil, fraught with misery

Compound of 'anartha' and 'āḍhya'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anartha+āḍhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• anartha – misfortune, evil, useless, meaningless
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Negative compound of 'a' + 'artha'.
• āḍhya – rich, wealthy, full of, abounding in
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'artham'.

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a proper noun, name of a Pandava prince)

Note: Direct address.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Second person singular pronoun.

प्रशंससि (praśaṁsasi) - you praise, you commend

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ (लट्)) of pra-śaṃs

Second person singular present active indicative

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise, declare) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (शंस्) (class 1)