महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-19, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
वेदाहं तात शास्त्राणि अपराणि पराणि च ।
उभयं वेदवचनं कुरु कर्म त्यजेति च ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
vedāhaṁ tāta śāstrāṇi aparāṇi parāṇi ca ,
ubhayaṁ vedavacanaṁ kuru karma tyajeti ca.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca veda aham tāta śāstrāṇi aparāṇi
parāṇi ca ubhayam vedavacanam kuru karma tyaja iti ca

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: tāta,
aham aparāṇi ca parāṇi ca śāstrāṇi veda.
vedavacanam ubhayam [vadati]: karma kuru ca tyaja iti ca.

1. Yudhishthira said: "Father, I understand the scriptures (śāstras), both the lower (worldly) and the higher (spiritual) ones. The Vedic teaching (śruti) commands both: 'Perform actions (karma)' and 'Renounce (actions)'."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pandava brother, Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name), steady in battle)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• वेद (veda) - I know (I know, he knows (irregular form))

• अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhishthira) (I)

• तात (tāta) - Father (addressed to Bhishma) (father, dear one, my dear son)

• शास्त्राणि (śāstrāṇi) - the scriptures (śāstras) (scriptures, treatises, sciences)

• अपराणि (aparāṇi) - the lower/worldly (scriptures) (lower, other, inferior)

• पराणि (parāṇi) - the higher/spiritual (scriptures) (higher, supreme, excellent)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (types of Vedic injunctions) (both, of both kinds)

• वेदवचनम् (vedavacanam) - the Vedic teaching/injunction (śruti) (Vedic statement, Vedic word, scriptural injunction)

• कुरु (kuru) - perform (action) (do, perform, make)

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual, consequence of action)

• त्यज (tyaja) - renounce (action) (renounce, abandon, give up)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of quotation) (thus, in this manner, so saying)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pandava brother, Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name), steady in battle)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle (epithet of Yudhishthira)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form

Root: vac (class 2)

वेद (veda) - I know (I know, he knows (irregular form))

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Perfect form used with present meaning (1st or 3rd person singular)

Root: vid (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhishthira) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'veda'.

तात (tāta) - Father (addressed to Bhishma) (father, dear one, my dear son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment, can be used for elder or younger)

शास्त्राणि (śāstrāṇi) - the scriptures (śāstras) (scriptures, treatises, sciences)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, treatise, science, sacred text

from root śās (to teach, instruct)

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of 'veda'.

अपराणि (aparāṇi) - the lower/worldly (scriptures) (lower, other, inferior)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apara

apara - other, lower, inferior, posterior

Note: Agrees with 'śāstrāṇi'.

पराणि (parāṇi) - the higher/spiritual (scriptures) (higher, supreme, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, other, next

Note: Agrees with 'śāstrāṇi'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (types of Vedic injunctions) (both, of both kinds)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, of both kinds

Note: Agrees with 'vedavacanam'.

वेदवचनम् (vedavacanam) - the Vedic teaching/injunction (śruti) (Vedic statement, Vedic word, scriptural injunction)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vedavacana

vedavacana - Vedic statement, word of the Veda, scriptural injunction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vacana)

• veda – Veda, knowledge, sacred lore
  noun (masculine)
  from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vacana – speaking, word, statement, injunction
  noun (neuter)
  from root vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'says/states'.

कुरु (kuru) - perform (action) (do, perform, make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative form

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of the quoted statement.

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual, consequence of action)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action, fate

from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kuru'.

त्यज (tyaja) - renounce (action) (renounce, abandon, give up)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of tyaj

Imperative form

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Part of the quoted statement.

इति (iti) - (marks the end of quotation) (thus, in this manner, so saying)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)