महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-19, verse-19

अग्राह्यश्चक्षुषा सोऽपि अनिर्देश्यं च तद्गिरा ।
कर्महेतुपुरस्कारं भूतेषु परिवर्तते ॥१९॥

19. agrāhyaścakṣuṣā so'pi anirdeśyaṁ ca tadgirā ,
karmahetupuraskāraṁ bhūteṣu parivartate.

19. agrāhyaḥ cakṣuṣā saḥ api anirdeśyam ca tat
girā karmahetupuraskāram bhūteṣu parivartate

19. saḥ api cakṣuṣā agrāhyaḥ ca tat girā anirdeśyam
karmahetupuraskāram bhūteṣu parivartate

19. That (ātman) is imperceptible by sight, and it is also indescribable by words. It manifests among beings, having action (karma) as its guiding principle.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्राह्यः (agrāhyaḥ) - imperceptible, ungraspable, incomprehensible

• चक्षुषा (cakṣuṣā) - by the eye, by sight

• सः (saḥ) - that (self/ātman) (that, he)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अनिर्देश्यम् (anirdeśyam) - indescribable, inexpressible

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत् (tat) - that (self/ātman) (that, it)

• गिरा (girā) - by speech, by words

• कर्महेतुपुरस्कारम् (karmahetupuraskāram) - having action (karma) as its guiding principle (having action as its cause and motive, driven by actions)

• भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among beings, in creatures, in elements

• परिवर्तते (parivartate) - it manifests (through successive embodiments) (it revolves, it turns, it changes, it manifests, it exists)

Words meanings and morphology

अग्राह्यः (agrāhyaḥ) - imperceptible, ungraspable, incomprehensible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agrāhya

agrāhya - not to be seized, imperceptible, incomprehensible

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From 'a-√grah' + 'ya' (negative prefix 'a' + root 'grah' (to seize, perceive) + suffix 'ya' for gerundive).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+grāhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• grāhya – to be grasped, perceptible, comprehensible
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From root 'grah' (to seize, perceive) + suffix 'ya'.
  Root: grah (ग्रह्) (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (the self).

चक्षुषा (cakṣuṣā) - by the eye, by sight

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of cakṣus

cakṣus - eye, sight

Root: cakṣ (चक्ष्) (class 2)

Note: Instrument by which something is not perceived.

सः (saḥ) - that (self/ātman) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'agrāhyaḥ'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'saḥ'.

अनिर्देश्यम् (anirdeśyam) - indescribable, inexpressible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anirdeśya

anirdeśya - not to be pointed out, indescribable, inexpressible

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From 'a-nir-√diś' + 'ya' (negative prefix 'a' + prefix 'nir' + root 'diś' (to point out, describe) + suffix 'ya').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nirdeśya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• nirdeśya – to be pointed out, describable, expressible
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From 'nir-diś' (to point out, describe) + suffix 'ya'.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: diś (दिश्) (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'tat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

तत् (tat) - that (self/ātman) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'anirdeśyam'.

गिरा (girā) - by speech, by words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice

Root 'gṝ' (to praise, proclaim).

Root: gṝ (गॄ) (class 6)

कर्महेतुपुरस्कारम् (karmahetupuraskāram) - having action (karma) as its guiding principle (having action as its cause and motive, driven by actions)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karmahetupuraskāra

karmahetupuraskāra - having actions as its cause and guiding principle, driven by actions

Compound of 'karma', 'hetu', 'puraskāra'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (karma+hetu+puraskāra)

• karma – action, deed, ritual, consequence of action
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + suffix 'man'.
  Root: kṛ (कृ) (class 8)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'hi' (to send, impel).
  Root: hi (हि) (class 5)
• puraskāra – putting forward, precedence, honor, motive, consideration
  noun (masculine)
  From 'puras-kṛ' (to put in front, honor).
  Prefix: puras
  Root: kṛ (कृ) (class 8)

Note: Functions adverbially, or as an adjective qualifying the implied subject of 'parivartate'.

भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among beings, in creatures, in elements

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, existing

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhū' (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (भू) (class 1)

Note: Indicates the sphere of activity.

परिवर्तते (parivartate) - it manifests (through successive embodiments) (it revolves, it turns, it changes, it manifests, it exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ (लट्)) of pari-vṛt

Third person singular present middle indicative

Root 'vṛt' (to turn, to be) with prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (वृत) (class 1)

Note: Subject is the implied 'ātman'.