महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-19, verse-12

अजातश्मश्रवो धीरास्तथान्ये वनवासिनः ।
अनन्ता अधना एव स्वाध्यायेन दिवं गताः ॥१२॥

12. ajātaśmaśravo dhīrāstathānye vanavāsinaḥ ,
anantā adhanā eva svādhyāyena divaṁ gatāḥ.

12. ajātaśmaśravaḥ dhīrāḥ tathā anye vanavāsinaḥ
anantāḥ adhanāḥ eva svādhyāyena divam gatāḥ

12. tathā anye ajātaśmaśravaḥ dhīrāḥ vanavāsinaḥ
anantāḥ adhanāḥ eva svādhyāyena divam gatāḥ

12. And others, steadfast (dhīra) and beardless, as well as forest dwellers, countless and without wealth, indeed attain heaven through self-study (svādhyāya).

Words meanings summery:

• अजातश्मश्रवः (ajātaśmaśravaḥ) - beardless (referring to young ascetics or brahmacārins) (beardless, one whose beard has not grown)

• धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - steadfast (dhīra) (steadfast, wise, courageous, firm)

• तथा (tathā) - as well as, and (thus, so, likewise, and)

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• वनवासिनः (vanavāsinaḥ) - forest dwellers (forest dwellers, hermits)

• अनन्ताः (anantāḥ) - countless (endless, infinite, countless)

• अधनाः (adhanāḥ) - without wealth (without wealth, poor)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

• स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - through self-study (svādhyāya) (by self-study, through self-study)

• दिवम् (divam) - to heaven (to heaven, sky)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - attained (gone, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

अजातश्मश्रवः (ajātaśmaśravaḥ) - beardless (referring to young ascetics or brahmacārins) (beardless, one whose beard has not grown)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ajātaśmaśru

ajātaśmaśru - beardless, one whose beard has not grown

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+jāta+śmaśru)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• jāta – born, grown, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śmaśru – beard, mustache
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies `anye`.

धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - steadfast (dhīra) (steadfast, wise, courageous, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhīra

dhīra - steadfast, wise, firm, courageous, intelligent

Note: Modifies `anye`.

तथा (tathā) - as well as, and (thus, so, likewise, and)

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Refers to other kinds of virtuous people.

वनवासिनः (vanavāsinaḥ) - forest dwellers (forest dwellers, hermits)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanavāsin

vanavāsin - forest dweller, hermit

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+vāsin)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant (agent noun from vas)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root `vas` (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies `anye`.

अनन्ताः (anantāḥ) - countless (endless, infinite, countless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ananta

ananta - endless, infinite, boundless, countless; a- (neg) + anta (end)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+anta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (these people).

अधनाः (adhanāḥ) - without wealth (without wealth, poor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhana

adhana - poor, without wealth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+dhana)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (these people).

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - through self-study (svādhyāya) (by self-study, through self-study)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, recitation of sacred texts

Derived from `adhi` + `ī` (to go) + `sva` (own)

Prefix: adhi

Root: ī (class 2)

दिवम् (divam) - to heaven (to heaven, sky)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

Note: Motion towards.

गताः (gatāḥ) - attained (gone, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained; (Past Passive Participle of gam)

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam`

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject.