महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-19, verse-11

तपःस्वाध्यायशीला हि दृश्यन्ते धार्मिका जनाः ।
ऋषयस्तपसा युक्ता येषां लोकाः सनातनाः ॥११॥

11. tapaḥsvādhyāyaśīlā hi dṛśyante dhārmikā janāḥ ,
ṛṣayastapasā yuktā yeṣāṁ lokāḥ sanātanāḥ.

11. tapaḥ svādhyāyaśīlāḥ hi dṛśyante dhārmikāḥ
janāḥ ṛṣayaḥ tapasā yuktāḥ yeṣām lokāḥ sanātanāḥ

11. hi dhārmikāḥ janāḥ tapaḥsvādhyāyaśīlāḥ dṛśyante
yeṣām lokāḥ sanātanāḥ ṛṣayaḥ tapasā yuktāḥ

11. Indeed, righteous people (dhārmikā janāḥ) are observed to be devoted to asceticism (tapas) and self-study (svādhyāya). Sages (ṛṣi) who are engaged in asceticism (tapas) attain eternal realms.

Words meanings summery:

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

• स्वाध्यायशीलाः (svādhyāyaśīlāḥ) - devoted to self-study (svādhyāya) (devoted to self-study, diligent in self-study)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are observed (are seen, appear)

• धार्मिकाः (dhārmikāḥ) - righteous people (following dharma) (righteous, virtuous, following dharma)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages (ṛṣi) (sages, seers)

• तपसा (tapasā) - through asceticism (tapas) (by asceticism, through penance)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged in (joined, endowed with, engaged in)

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose (whose, of whom)

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - realms (worlds, realms)

• सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal (eternal, perpetual, ancient)

Words meanings and morphology

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: It's part of a compound.

स्वाध्यायशीलाः (svādhyāyaśīlāḥ) - devoted to self-study (svādhyāya) (devoted to self-study, diligent in self-study)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svādhyāyaśīla

svādhyāyaśīla - devoted to one's own study (of the Vedas), diligent in self-study

Compound type : tatpurusha (svādhyāya+śīla)

• svādhyāya – self-study, recitation of sacred texts
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `adhi` + `ī` (to go) + `sva` (own)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: ī (class 2)
• śīla – nature, habit, character, disposition
  noun (neuter)

Note: Compound with `tapaḥ` forms `tapaḥ-svādhyāyaśīlāḥ`.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are observed (are seen, appear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Passive form of `dṛś`.

धार्मिकाः (dhārmikāḥ) - righteous people (following dharma) (righteous, virtuous, following dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, pious, adhering to natural law (dharma)

Derived from `dharma` with suffix -ika

Note: This adjective modifies `janāḥ`.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people

Root: jan (class 4)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages (ṛṣi) (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

तपसा (tapasā) - through asceticism (tapas) (by asceticism, through penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged in (joined, endowed with, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate; (Past Passive Participle of yuj)

Past Passive Participle

From root `yuj`

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies `ṛṣayaḥ`.

येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relates to `ṛṣayaḥ`.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - realms (worlds, realms)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject of `sanātanāḥ`.

सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal (eternal, perpetual, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, everlasting

Note: Modifies `lokāḥ`.