महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-130, verse-2

केनास्मिन्ब्राह्मणो जीवेज्जघन्ये काल आगते ।
असंत्यजन्पुत्रपौत्राननुक्रोशात्पितामह ॥२॥

2. kenāsminbrāhmaṇo jīvejjaghanye kāla āgate ,
asaṁtyajanputrapautrānanukrośātpitāmaha.

2. kena asmin brāhmaṇaḥ jīvet jaghanye kāle āgate
asantyajan putrapautrān anukrośāt pitāmaha

2. pitāmaha jaghanye kāle āgate asmin brāhmaṇaḥ
putrapautrān anukrośāt asantyajan kena jīvet

2. O Grandfather, by what means can a Brahmin sustain himself in these worst of times, without abandoning his sons and grandsons out of compassion?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by what (means) (by what, by whom, by which)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (time/situation) (in this, on this)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (a member of the priestly class) (a Brahmin, related to Brahma)

• जीवेत् (jīvet) - may sustain himself (live) (may live, should live)

• जघन्ये (jaghanye) - in the worst (of times) (in the lowest, in the worst, in the hindmost)

• काले (kāle) - in these (worst of) times (in time, during the period)

• आगते (āgate) - when it (the time) has arrived (having come, arrived)

• असन्त्यजन् (asantyajan) - without abandoning (not abandoning, not relinquishing)

• पुत्रपौत्रान् (putrapautrān) - sons and grandsons

• अनुक्रोशात् (anukrośāt) - out of compassion (out of compassion, from pity)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (referring to Bhishma) (paternal grandfather, ancestor, Brahma)

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by what (means) (by what, by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Refers to the means of sustenance.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (time/situation) (in this, on this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with an implied 'kāle' or 'samaye'.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (a member of the priestly class) (a Brahmin, related to Brahma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a person belonging to the priestly class, related to Brahma

जीवेत् (jīvet) - may sustain himself (live) (may live, should live)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jīv

Root verb, Parasmaipada, 1st conjugation (bhū-ādi)

Root: jīv (class 1)

जघन्ये (jaghanye) - in the worst (of times) (in the lowest, in the worst, in the hindmost)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jaghanya

jaghanya - lowest, worst, hindmost, last

Note: Agrees with 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - in these (worst of) times (in time, during the period)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, death

Note: Often refers to 'time of distress' or 'calamitous time' in such contexts.

आगते (āgate) - when it (the time) has arrived (having come, arrived)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā' (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'kāle'.

असन्त्यजन् (asantyajan) - without abandoning (not abandoning, not relinquishing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asantyajant

asantyajant - not abandoning, not relinquishing

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with prefix 'sam' (completely) and negative prefix 'a'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+santyajant)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• santyajant – abandoning, relinquishing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root 'tyaj' with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

पुत्रपौत्रान् (putrapautrān) - sons and grandsons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putrapautra

putrapautra - sons and grandsons

Compound type : dvandva (putra+pautra)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• pautra – grandson
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'asantyajan'.

अनुक्रोशात् (anukrośāt) - out of compassion (out of compassion, from pity)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anukrośa

anukrośa - compassion, pity, sympathy

Derived from root 'kruś' (to cry out) with prefix 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Indicates the reason or cause.

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (referring to Bhishma) (paternal grandfather, ancestor, Brahma)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great ancestor, Brahma (the creator)

Note: Addressed to Bhishma by Yudhishthira.