महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-130, verse-14

यथा समधुरौ दम्यौ सुदान्तौ साधुवाहिनौ ।
धुरमुद्यम्य वहतस्तथा वर्तेत वै नृपः ।
यथा यथास्य वहतः सहायाः स्युस्तथापरे ॥१४॥

14. yathā samadhurau damyau sudāntau sādhuvāhinau ,
dhuramudyamya vahatastathā varteta vai nṛpaḥ ,
yathā yathāsya vahataḥ sahāyāḥ syustathāpare.

14. yathā samadhurau damyau sudāntau
sādhuvāhinau dhuram udyamya vahataḥ
tathā varteta vai nṛpaḥ yathā yathā
asya vahataḥ sahāyāḥ syuḥ tathā apare

14. nṛpaḥ yathā samadhurau damyau sudāntau
sādhuvāhinau dhuram udyamya
vahataḥ tathā vai varteta yathā yathā
asya vahataḥ tathā apare sahāyāḥ syuḥ

14. Just as two equally matched, controllable, well-trained, and efficient draught animals bear the yoke by lifting it, so indeed should a king conduct himself. In the same manner that these animals carry (the yoke), so should others be his assistants.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according as, in what manner)

• समधुरौ (samadhurau) - equally matched (equally yoked, well-matched in burden, having an equal share of a burden)

• दम्यौ (damyau) - controllable (to be tamed, controllable, tractable, manageable)

• सुदान्तौ (sudāntau) - well-trained (well-trained, well-disciplined, thoroughly subdued)

• साधुवाहिनौ (sādhuvāhinau) - efficient draught animals (good carriers, drawing well, efficient draught animals)

• धुरम् (dhuram) - the yoke (yoke, burden, load, responsibility)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having lifted (it) up (having lifted up, having raised, having undertaken)

• वहतः (vahataḥ) - they carry (the yoke) (they carry, they bear, they draw (dual))

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus (so, thus, in that manner)

• वर्तेत (varteta) - should conduct himself (should behave, should act, should exist, should proceed)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily (emphatic particle))

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - a king (king, ruler)

• यथा (yathā) - in the same manner that (as, just as, according as, in what manner)

• यथा (yathā) - in the same manner that (as, just as, according as, in what manner)

• अस्य (asya) - his (the king's) (of him, of this, its)

• वहतः (vahataḥ) - they (the animals) carry (they carry, they bear, they draw (dual))

• सहायाः (sahāyāḥ) - helpers, assistants (helpers, associates, companions)

• स्युः (syuḥ) - should be (they would be, they should be)

• तथा (tathā) - so (so, thus, in that manner)

• अपरे (apare) - others (his subjects/associates) (others, other ones)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

समधुरौ (samadhurau) - equally matched (equally yoked, well-matched in burden, having an equal share of a burden)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samadhura

samadhura - equally yoked, well-matched in burden, having an equal share of a burden

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sama+dhura)

• sama – same, equal, like, common, impartial
  adjective (masculine)
• dhura – yoke, burden, load, responsibility
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies implied draught animals.

दम्यौ (damyau) - controllable (to be tamed, controllable, tractable, manageable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of damya

damya - to be tamed, controllable, tractable, manageable

Gerundive

From root `dam` (to tame) + suffix `ya`

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies implied draught animals.

सुदान्तौ (sudāntau) - well-trained (well-trained, well-disciplined, thoroughly subdued)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sudānta

sudānta - well-trained, well-disciplined, thoroughly subdued

Past Passive Participle

From `su` (good, well) + `dānta` (tamed, disciplined), PPP of `dam`

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dānta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• dānta – tamed, subdued, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root `dam` (to tame)
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies implied draught animals.

साधुवाहिनौ (sādhuvāhinau) - efficient draught animals (good carriers, drawing well, efficient draught animals)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sādhuvāhin

sādhuvāhin - good carriers, drawing well, efficient draught animals

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sādhu+vāhin)

• sādhu – good, excellent, virtuous, proper, skilled
  adjective (masculine)
• vāhin – carrying, drawing, conveying; a carrier, draught animal
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  from root `vah` (to carry) + suffix `in`
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies implied draught animals.

धुरम् (dhuram) - the yoke (yoke, burden, load, responsibility)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhura

dhura - yoke, burden, load, responsibility

Note: Object of `udyāmya` and `vahataḥ`.

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having lifted (it) up (having lifted up, having raised, having undertaken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root `yam` (to restrain, hold) with prefix `ud` (up)

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

वहतः (vahataḥ) - they carry (the yoke) (they carry, they bear, they draw (dual))

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (lat) of vah

Present Active Indicative

From root `vah` (to carry)

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied two draught animals.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

वर्तेत (varteta) - should conduct himself (should behave, should act, should exist, should proceed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

Optative Middle

From root `vṛt` (to turn, exist, behave)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

Compound `nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector) from root `pā` (to protect)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  from root `pā` (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of `varteta`.

यथा (yathā) - in the same manner that (as, just as, according as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition for emphasis: 'yathā yathā' -> 'in whatever way' or 'just as'.

यथा (yathā) - in the same manner that (as, just as, according as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition for emphasis: 'yathā yathā' -> 'in whatever way' or 'just as'.

अस्य (asya) - his (the king's) (of him, of this, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `nṛpaḥ` (the king).

वहतः (vahataḥ) - they (the animals) carry (they carry, they bear, they draw (dual))

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (lat) of vah

Present Active Indicative

From root `vah` (to carry)

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied two draught animals, parallel to the first clause.

सहायाः (sahāyāḥ) - helpers, assistants (helpers, associates, companions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahāya

sahāya - helper, associate, companion, assistant

From `saha` (with) + `āya` (going) or `i` (to go)

Note: Subject of `syuḥ`.

स्युः (syuḥ) - should be (they would be, they should be)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Active

From root `as` (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - so (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

अपरे (apare) - others (his subjects/associates) (others, other ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, inferior

Note: Subject of `syuḥ`.