महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-130, verse-11

बहूनि ग्रामवास्तव्या रोषाद्ब्रूयुः परस्परम् ।
न तेषां वचनाद्राजा सत्कुर्याद्यातयेत वा ॥११॥

11. bahūni grāmavāstavyā roṣādbrūyuḥ parasparam ,
na teṣāṁ vacanādrājā satkuryādyātayeta vā.

11. bahūni grāmavāstavyāḥ roṣāt brūyuḥ parasparam
na teṣām vacanāt rājā satkuryāt yātayeta vā

11. bahūni grāmavāstavyāḥ roṣāt parasparam brūyuḥ
(tathāpi) rājā teṣām vacanāt na satkuryāt vā yātayeta

11. Many villagers might speak to each other in anger. The king should not, however, show favor or inflict punishment based on their mere words.

Words meanings summery:

• बहूनि (bahūni) - many, numerous

• ग्रामवास्तव्याः (grāmavāstavyāḥ) - villagers, residents of a village

• रोषात् (roṣāt) - from anger, out of anger, due to wrath

• ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - they should say, they might speak

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, to each other, among themselves

• न (na) - not, no

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the villagers (of them, their)

• वचनात् (vacanāt) - based on their statements (from words, from speech, by the statement)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• सत्कुर्यात् (satkuryāt) - should show favor (he should honor, he should respect, he should treat well)

• यातयेत (yātayeta) - should inflict punishment (he should punish, he should cause to suffer, he should torment)

• वा (vā) - or

Words meanings and morphology

बहूनि (bahūni) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Grammatically neuter plural, but contextually refers to the masculine plural 'grāmavāstavyāḥ'.

ग्रामवास्तव्याः (grāmavāstavyāḥ) - villagers, residents of a village

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of grāmavāstavya

grāmavāstavya - villager, resident of a village

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāma+vāstavya)

• grāma – village, rural community
  noun (masculine)
• vāstavya – resident, inhabitant, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  From vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

रोषात् (roṣāt) - from anger, out of anger, due to wrath

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage

From ruṣ (to be angry)

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - they should say, they might speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, to each other, among themselves

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the villagers (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'grāmavāstavyāḥ'.

वचनात् (vacanāt) - based on their statements (from words, from speech, by the statement)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

From vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

सत्कुर्यात् (satkuryāt) - should show favor (he should honor, he should respect, he should treat well)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of satkṛ

Prefix: sat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यातयेत (yātayeta) - should inflict punishment (he should punish, he should cause to suffer, he should torment)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of yātay

Causative of yat

Causative stem from root 'yat'

Root: yat (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)