महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-130, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
हीने परमके धर्मे सर्वलोकातिलङ्घिनि ।
सर्वस्मिन्दस्युसाद्भूते पृथिव्यामुपजीवने ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
hīne paramake dharme sarvalokātilaṅghini ,
sarvasmindasyusādbhūte pṛthivyāmupajīvane.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca hīne paramake dharme sarvalokātilanghini
sarvasmin dasyusādbhūte pṛthivyām upajīvane

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca.
paramake dharme sarvalokātilanghini hīne (sati),
sarvasmin upajīvane pṛthivyām dasyusādbhūte (sati).

1. Yudhishthira said: 'When the supreme natural law (dharma) has declined and is transgressed by all people; when all livelihood (upajīvana) on earth has fallen into the hands of robbers...'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• हीने (hīne) - when (the dharma) has declined/diminished (in the diminished, in the fallen, when diminished)

• परमके (paramake) - in the supreme (in the highest, in the supreme)

• धर्मे (dharme) - in the supreme natural law (dharma) (in the (natural) law, in the constitution, in righteousness, in duty)

• सर्वलोकातिलन्घिनि (sarvalokātilanghini) - when it is transgressed by all people (transgressing all people/worlds, universally transgressed)

• सर्वस्मिन् (sarvasmin) - when all (livelihood) (in all, in everything)

• दस्युसाद्भूते (dasyusādbhūte) - when it has become subject to robbers (having become prey to robbers, having fallen into the hands of thieves)

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth (on the earth, in the world)

• उपजीवने (upajīvane) - in livelihood, in the means of living

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pandava

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (locative tatpuruṣa) (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

हीने (hīne) - when (the dharma) has declined/diminished (in the diminished, in the fallen, when diminished)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - left, abandoned, deficient, inferior, fallen, degenerated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hā (to abandon, forsake)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

परमके (paramake) - in the supreme (in the highest, in the supreme)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of paramaka

paramaka - highest, supreme, most excellent

Derived from 'parama' (supreme) with suffix '-ka'

Note: Qualifies 'dharme'.

धर्मे (dharme) - in the supreme natural law (dharma) (in the (natural) law, in the constitution, in righteousness, in duty)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, essential quality

Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Central concept in Indian philosophies.

सर्वलोकातिलन्घिनि (sarvalokātilanghini) - when it is transgressed by all people (transgressing all people/worlds, universally transgressed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarvalokātilanghin

sarvalokātilanghin - transgressing all people/worlds; one who transgresses all worlds; one whose transgression affects all worlds

Compound of sarva (all) + loka (world/people) + atilanghin (transgressing/overcoming)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+loka+atilanghin)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• loka – world, people, realm
  noun (masculine)
• atilanghin – transgressing, overcoming, exceeding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from atilaṅgh
  Derived from root laṅgh (to leap, transgress) with prefix ati-
  Prefix: ati
  Root: laṅgh (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction. Refers to the `dharma` being universally transgressed.

सर्वस्मिन् (sarvasmin) - when all (livelihood) (in all, in everything)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, modifying an implied noun (e.g., 'object' or 'state') or directly 'upajīvane'.

दस्युसाद्भूते (dasyusādbhūte) - when it has become subject to robbers (having become prey to robbers, having fallen into the hands of thieves)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dasyusādbhūta

dasyusādbhūta - having become prey to robbers, fallen into the hands of thieves

Past Passive Participle (derived from root bhū with suffix -sāt)

Compound: dasyu (robber) + sāt (suffix for 'becoming') + bhūta (become)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dasyu+sāt+bhūta)

• dasyu – robber, brigand, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• sāt – becoming, in the manner of
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating transformation
• bhūta – become, existed, happened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction. Qualifies 'sarvasmin'.

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth (on the earth, in the world)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

उपजीवने (upajīvane) - in livelihood, in the means of living

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of upajīvana

upajīvana - livelihood, subsistence, means of living

Derived from root jīv (to live) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Often refers to the collective means of sustenance for society.