महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-130, verse-19

यश्चतुर्गुणसंपन्नं धर्मं वेद स धर्मवित् ।
अहेरिव हि धर्मस्य पदं दुःखं गवेषितुम् ॥१९॥

19. yaścaturguṇasaṁpannaṁ dharmaṁ veda sa dharmavit ,
aheriva hi dharmasya padaṁ duḥkhaṁ gaveṣitum.

19. yaḥ caturguṇasampannam dharmam veda saḥ dharmavit
aheḥ iva hi dharmasya padam duḥkham gaveṣitum

19. yaḥ caturguṇasampannam dharmam veda saḥ dharmavit
hi dharmasya padam aheḥ iva duḥkham gaveṣitum

19. He who knows the natural law (dharma) endowed with four qualities is a knower of natural law (dharma). Indeed, it is difficult to find the track of natural law (dharma), like that of a snake.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• चतुर्गुणसम्पन्नम् (caturguṇasampannam) - endowed with four qualities/attributes

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (natural law, duty, righteousness)

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma)

• अहेः (aheḥ) - of a snake

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of dharma, of natural law)

• पदम् (padam) - track (track, path, step, foot, position)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - difficult (difficult, painful, sorrowful)

• गवेषितुम् (gaveṣitum) - to search for (to search, to seek, to investigate)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun.

चतुर्गुणसम्पन्नम् (caturguṇasampannam) - endowed with four qualities/attributes

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of caturguṇasampanna

caturguṇasampanna - endowed with four qualities

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+guṇa+sampanna)

• catur – four
  numeral (masculine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent, strand
  noun (masculine)
• sampanna – endowed with, complete, furnished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of sam-√pad 'to happen, to be complete'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies dharma.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (natural law, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue

from √dhṛ 'to uphold, support'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'veda'.

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid

Perfect (lit)

3rd person singular Perfect (Liṭ), Parasmaipada, from √vid (class 2) 'to know'

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Forms a relative clause with 'yaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit

dharmavit - knower of dharma

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  from √dhṛ 'to uphold, support'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, wise, learned (often as suffix meaning 'knower of')
  adjective (masculine)
  from √vid 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'saḥ'.

अहेः (aheḥ) - of a snake

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ahi

ahi - snake, serpent

Note: Possessive, used in comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of dharma, of natural law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue

from √dhṛ 'to uphold, support'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, related to 'padam'.

पदम् (padam) - track (track, path, step, foot, position)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, trace, track, path, position

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'asti' (is).

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - difficult (difficult, painful, sorrowful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, difficulty, uneasy

Note: Predicate adjective for 'padam'.

गवेषितुम् (gaveṣitum) - to search for (to search, to seek, to investigate)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive from √gaveṣ 'to search'

Root: gaveṣ (class 10)

Note: Purpose of the difficulty.