महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-116, verse-13

न हि प्रशास्तुं राज्यं हि शक्यमेकेन भारत ।
असहायवता तात नैवार्थाः केचिदप्युत ।
लब्धुं लब्ध्वा चापि सदा रक्षितुं भरतर्षभ ॥१३॥

13. na hi praśāstuṁ rājyaṁ hi śakyamekena bhārata ,
asahāyavatā tāta naivārthāḥ kecidapyuta ,
labdhuṁ labdhvā cāpi sadā rakṣituṁ bharatarṣabha.

13. na hi praśāstum rājyam hi śakyam
ekena bhārata asahāyavatā tāta na eva
arthāḥ kecit api uta labdhum labdhvā
ca api sadā rakṣitum bharatarṣabha

13. hi na ekena rājyam praśāstum hi śakyam,
bhārata! tāta asahāyavatā eva na kecit arthāḥ api uta labdhum ca labdhvā api sadā rakṣitum (śakyāḥ bhavanti),
bharatarṣabha!

13. Indeed, it is certainly not possible for a single individual to govern a kingdom, O Bhārata. O dear one, by one who is without support, no objectives whatsoever can be achieved, nor can they, once achieved, be always protected, O best of the Bharatas.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• प्रशास्तुम् (praśāstum) - to govern, to rule, to administer

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable

• एकेन (ekena) - by a single individual (by one (person))

• भारत (bhārata) - Address to a member of the Bharata lineage, such as Duryodhana or Yudhiṣṭhira. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

• असहायवता (asahāyavatā) - by one who is without help, by a helpless person

• तात (tāta) - A term of affectionate address, like 'dear son' or 'dear father' depending on who is speaking to whom. (O dear one, father)

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - certainly (truly, indeed, only)

• अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - objectives (aims, goals, objectives, affairs, wealth)

• केचित् (kecit) - whatsoever (any, some)

• अपि (api) - even, also

• उत (uta) - nor (in negative constructions) (and, moreover, or)

• लब्धुम् (labdhum) - to obtain, to acquire

• लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - once achieved (having obtained, having acquired)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - even, also

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect, to preserve

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Address to a prominent warrior or leader in the Bharata lineage, often Bhīṣma or Yudhiṣṭhira. (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the possibility expressed by 'śakyam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Adds emphasis.

प्रशास्तुम् (praśāstum) - to govern, to rule, to administer

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From `pra-√śās` (to govern) with `tumun` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or object.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

From `rājan` (king) + `ya` suffix.

Note: Object of 'praśāstum'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Adds emphasis.

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable, fit

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root `śak` (to be able) with `ya` suffix.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective, used impersonally with the infinitive.

एकेन (ekena) - by a single individual (by one (person))

(numeral adjective)

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'śakyam'.

भारत (bhārata) - Address to a member of the Bharata lineage, such as Duryodhana or Yudhiṣṭhira. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India

Patronymic from `bharata`.

Note: Term of address.

असहायवता (asahāyavatā) - by one who is without help, by a helpless person

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asahāyavat

asahāyavat - helpless, without aid, friendless

Compound: `a` (not) + `sahāya` (help) + `vat` (possessing).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+sahāya+vat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sahāya – help, aid, companion
  noun (masculine)
  From `saha` (with) + `āya` (coming).
  Prefix: sa
  Root: i (class 2)
• vat – possessing, like, having
  suffix
  Forms possessive adjectives (matup suffix).

Note: Agent of implied verbs.

तात (tāta) - A term of affectionate address, like 'dear son' or 'dear father' depending on who is speaking to whom. (O dear one, father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, sir

Affectionate term of address.

Note: Term of address.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the possibility of obtaining and protecting objectives.

एव (eva) - certainly (truly, indeed, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Used with 'na' for strong negation ('naiva' = certainly not).

अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - objectives (aims, goals, objectives, affairs, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, aim, wealth, matter, affair

From root `ṛ` (to go, reach) with `tha` suffix.

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of the implied `śakyāḥ bhavanti` (are possible).

केचित् (kecit) - whatsoever (any, some)

(indefinite pronoun)

Note: Qualifies 'arthāḥ', emphasizing the scope of the negation.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes the scope of the statement.

उत (uta) - nor (in negative constructions) (and, moreover, or)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the two infinitive phrases in a negative sense.

लब्धुम् (labdhum) - to obtain, to acquire

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From `√labh` (to obtain) with `tumun` suffix.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or object.

लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - once achieved (having obtained, having acquired)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `labh` (to obtain) with `ktvā` suffix.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Signifies a completed action prior to 'rakṣitum'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the two infinitive clauses.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'sadā rakṣitum'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Modifies 'rakṣitum'.

रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect, to preserve

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From `√rakṣ` (to protect) with `tumun` suffix.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or object.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Address to a prominent warrior or leader in the Bharata lineage, often Bhīṣma or Yudhiṣṭhira. (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of the Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Compound: `bharata` (descendant of Bharata) + `ṛṣabha` (bull, excellent one).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a ruler
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Term of address.