महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-13, verse-4

स गङ्गायामुपस्पृश्य पुण्यगन्धं पयः शुचि ।
तं देशमुपसंपेदे परमर्षिर्मनोजवः ॥४॥

4. sa gaṅgāyāmupaspṛśya puṇyagandhaṁ payaḥ śuci ,
taṁ deśamupasaṁpede paramarṣirmanojavaḥ.

4. saḥ gaṅgāyām upaspṛśya puṇyagandham payaḥ śuci
tam deśam upasaṁpede paramarṣiḥ manojavāḥ

4. saḥ paramarṣiḥ manojavāḥ gaṅgāyām puṇyagandham
śuci payaḥ upaspṛśya tam deśam upasaṁpede

4. Having bathed in the pure, sacred-smelling water of the Gaṅgā, that great sage, swift as thought, approached that region.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the sage) (he, that)

• गङ्गायाम् (gaṅgāyām) - in the Gaṅgā river (in the Gaṅgā, on the Gaṅgā)

• उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having bathed (in the context of ritual purification) (having touched, having bathed, having ritually purified)

• पुण्यगन्धम् (puṇyagandham) - sacred-smelling (modifying water) (sacred-smelling, fragrant, having a holy scent)

• पयः (payaḥ) - water (water, milk)

• शुचि (śuci) - pure (modifying water) (pure, clean, holy)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the region/place) (that, him)

• देशम् (deśam) - region (place, region, country)

• उपसंपेदे (upasaṁpede) - he approached (he approached, he reached)

• परमर्षिः (paramarṣiḥ) - the great sage (Vyāsa) (great sage, supreme sage)

• मनोजवाः (manojavāḥ) - swift as thought

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the sage) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गङ्गायाम् (gaṅgāyām) - in the Gaṅgā river (in the Gaṅgā, on the Gaṅgā)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)

उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having bathed (in the context of ritual purification) (having touched, having bathed, having ritually purified)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with suffix -ya (after prefix upa-).

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

पुण्यगन्धम् (puṇyagandham) - sacred-smelling (modifying water) (sacred-smelling, fragrant, having a holy scent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṇyagandha

puṇyagandha - having a holy fragrance, sacred-smelling

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṇya+gandha)

• puṇya – holy, sacred, virtuous, meritorious
  adjective (neuter)
• gandha – smell, fragrance, scent
  noun (masculine)

पयः (payaḥ) - water (water, milk)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of payas

payas - water, milk, fluid, vital sap

s-stem noun.

शुचि (śuci) - pure (modifying water) (pure, clean, holy)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, holy, virtuous

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the region/place) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

देशम् (deśam) - region (place, region, country)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, spot, region, country

Root: diś

उपसंपेदे (upasaṁpede) - he approached (he approached, he reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of upa-sam-pad

Perfect, middle voice

From root pad, with prefixes upa and sam. Third person singular, perfect tense, middle voice.

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: pad (class 4)

परमर्षिः (paramarṣiḥ) - the great sage (Vyāsa) (great sage, supreme sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramarṣi

paramarṣi - great sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ṛṣi)

• parama – highest, supreme, best, greatest
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – seer, sage, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

मनोजवाः (manojavāḥ) - swift as thought

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manojava

manojava - swift as thought, having the speed of mind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manas+java)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  s-stem noun.
  Root: man
• java – speed, swiftness, velocity
  noun (masculine)
  From root jū (to speed).
  Root: jū