महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-13, verse-18

शिक्षयाभ्यधिकं ज्ञात्वा चरन्तं बहुधा रणे ।
अधो नाभ्यां प्रहृतवांस्तन्मे कोपमवर्धयत् ॥१८॥

18. śikṣayābhyadhikaṁ jñātvā carantaṁ bahudhā raṇe ,
adho nābhyāṁ prahṛtavāṁstanme kopamavardhayat.

18. śikṣayā abhyadhikam jñātvā carantam bahudhā raṇe
adhaḥ nābhyām prahṛtavān tat me kopam avardhayat

18. śikṣayā abhyadhikam,
bahudhā raṇe carantam,
jñātvā,
nābhyām adhaḥ prahṛtavān.
tat me kopam avardhayat.

18. (Bhīma), knowing Duryodhana to be superior in martial training (śikṣā) and moving diversely in battle, struck him below the navel. That (act) increased my anger.

Words meanings summery:

• शिक्षया (śikṣayā) - by martial training (by skill, by training, by instruction)

• अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - superior (to Duryodhana) (superior, excessive, more)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• चरन्तम् (carantam) - moving, behaving, performing

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, diversely

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• अधः (adhaḥ) - below, underneath

• नाभ्याम् (nābhyām) - at the navel, to the navel

• प्रहृतवान् (prahṛtavān) - he struck, having struck

• तत् (tat) - that (act of striking below the navel) (that)

• मे (me) - my, to me

• कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath, fury

• अवर्धयत् (avardhayat) - it increased, it augmented, it caused to grow

Words meanings and morphology

शिक्षया (śikṣayā) - by martial training (by skill, by training, by instruction)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śikṣā

śikṣā - instruction, training, skill, study

Derived from root śikṣ (to learn, to practice)

Root: śikṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or quality by which superiority is judged.

अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - superior (to Duryodhana) (superior, excessive, more)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyadhika

abhyadhika - superior, excessive, abundant

Derived from adhi (over) + a + ka

Note: Modifies Duryodhana (implied object of 'jñātvā').

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root jñā (to know) with ktvā affix

Root: jñā (class 9)

चरन्तम् (carantam) - moving, behaving, performing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, wandering, behaving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root car (to move) with śatṛ affix

Root: car (class 1)

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, diversely

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix dhā to 'bahu' (many)

Note: Qualifies 'carantam'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

अधः (adhaḥ) - below, underneath

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'nābhyām'.

नाभ्याम् (nābhyām) - at the navel, to the navel

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of nābhi

nābhi - navel, centre

Note: 'adhaḥ nābhyām' means 'below the navel'.

प्रहृतवान् (prahṛtavān) - he struck, having struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahṛtavat

prahṛtavat - having struck, struck

Past Active Participle

Derived from root hṛ (to take, strike) with upasarga pra and ktavatu affix

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: The agent (Bhīma) is implied.

तत् (tat) - that (act of striking below the navel) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'avardhayat'.

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Genitive 'my' modifying 'kopam'.

कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath, fury

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

Derived from root kup (to be angry) with ghañ affix

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Object of 'avardhayat'.

अवर्धयत् (avardhayat) - it increased, it augmented, it caused to grow

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Imperfect (causative)

3rd person singular, active voice (causative of root vṛdh)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'tat'.