महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-87, verse-3

अप्राप्य दीर्घमायुस्तु यः प्राप्तो विकृतिं चरेत् ।
तप्येत यदि तत्कृत्वा चरेत्सोऽन्यत्ततस्तपः ॥३॥

3. aprāpya dīrghamāyustu yaḥ prāpto vikṛtiṁ caret ,
tapyeta yadi tatkṛtvā caretso'nyattatastapaḥ.

3. aprāpya dīrgham āyuḥ tu yaḥ prāptaḥ vikṛtim caret
tapyeta yadi tat kṛtvā caret saḥ anyat tataḥ tapaḥ

3. Whoever, without achieving a long life, falls into moral degradation and acts accordingly; if, having done that, he practices austerity (tapas), then he should undertake a different form of austerity (tapas) thereafter.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्राप्य (aprāpya) - not having obtained, without reaching

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long, extensive

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

• तु (tu) - but, yet, indeed

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - fallen into (obtained, reached, fallen into, afflicted with)

• विकृतिम् (vikṛtim) - moral degradation (degradation, perversion, change for the worse, defect, distortion)

• चरेत् (caret) - acts accordingly (i.e., in a degraded manner) (he should act, he should behave, he should perform)

• तप्येत (tapyeta) - he performs austerity (tapas) (he should perform austerity (tapas), he would suffer/undergo penance (tapas))

• यदि (yadi) - if

• तत् (tat) - that wrong action previously mentioned (that, that action)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• चरेत् (caret) - he should perform, he should practice

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, different

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (then, thence, thereafter, from that)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity (tapas)

Words meanings and morphology

अप्राप्य (aprāpya) - not having obtained, without reaching

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra- and negative a- prefix, and -ya suffix

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prāpya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• prāpya – having obtained, having reached
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  From √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra- and -ya suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: √āp (class 5)

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extensive, tall

Note: Modifies āyuḥ

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, lifespan

Root: √i (class 2)

Note: Object of aprāpya

तु (tu) - but, yet, indeed

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the clause

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - fallen into (obtained, reached, fallen into, afflicted with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, fallen into, afflicted with

Past Passive Participle

From √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: √āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies yaḥ

विकृतिम् (vikṛtim) - moral degradation (degradation, perversion, change for the worse, defect, distortion)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vikṛti

vikṛti - change, alteration, deviation, degradation, perversion, defect, transformation

From √kṛ (to do) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of prāptaḥ

चरेत् (caret) - acts accordingly (i.e., in a degraded manner) (he should act, he should behave, he should perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √car

Optative (Vidhi Liṅ)

Root: √car (class 1)

Note: Verb for the relative pronoun yaḥ

तप्येत (tapyeta) - he performs austerity (tapas) (he should perform austerity (tapas), he would suffer/undergo penance (tapas))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √tap

Optative (Vidhi Liṅ)

Middle voice form (Ātmanepada) of √tap

Root: √tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to performing tapas (austerity)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

तत् (tat) - that wrong action previously mentioned (that, that action)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Note: Refers to the act of 'vikṛtim caret'

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √kṛ (to do) + ktvā suffix

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

चरेत् (caret) - he should perform, he should practice

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √car

Optative (Vidhi Liṅ)

Root: √car (class 1)

Note: Verb for saḥ

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he

Note: Subject of the second clause

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, different, distinct

Note: Modifies tapaḥ. It's nominative/accusative neuter singular.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (then, thence, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

ablative of tad, used as adverb

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat, spiritual fervor (tapas)

Root: √tap (class 1)

Note: Object of caret