महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-87, verse-18

कुर्यामपूर्वं न कृतं यदन्यैर्विवित्समानः किमु तत्र साधु ।
ब्रुवाणमेवं नृपतिं ययातिं नृपोत्तमो वसुमनाब्रवीत्तम् ॥१८॥

18. kuryāmapūrvaṁ na kṛtaṁ yadanyai;rvivitsamānaḥ kimu tatra sādhu ,
bruvāṇamevaṁ nṛpatiṁ yayātiṁ; nṛpottamo vasumanābravīttam.

18. kuryām apūrvam na kṛtam yat anyaiḥ
vivitsamānaḥ kimu tatra sādhu
bruvāṇam evam nṛpatim yayātim
nṛpa uttamaḥ vasumanāḥ abravīt tam

18. (Yayati said:) "May I undertake an unprecedented act, one not performed by others, desiring to ascertain what is truly beneficial in that situation." Thus spoke King Yayati, and to him, the excellent king Vasumanas replied.

Words meanings summery:

• कुर्याम् (kuryām) - may I undertake, let me perform (may I do, let me do, I should do)

• अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - unprecedented (unprecedented, novel, never before)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed, undertaken (done, made, performed)

• यत् (yat) - which (referring to apūrvam or implied action) (which, what)

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

• विवित्समानः (vivitsamānaḥ) - desiring to ascertain, wishing to understand (desiring to know, wishing to learn)

• किमु (kimu) - what indeed (what indeed, what then, how)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that situation/regard (there, in that place, in that matter)

• साधु (sādhu) - truly beneficial, proper (implies dharma) (good, right, proper, virtuous, holy)

• ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - speaking (speaking, saying)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - king (king, ruler)

• ययातिम् (yayātim) - Yayati (Yayati (proper noun))

• नृप (nṛpa) - king

• उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - excellent, best (best, excellent, highest)

• वसुमनाः (vasumanāḥ) - Vasumanas (proper noun) (Vasumanas (proper noun), one with a good mind)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - replied, said (said, spoke)

• तम् (tam) - to him (him, that)

Words meanings and morphology

कुर्याम् (kuryām) - may I undertake, let me perform (may I do, let me do, I should do)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Optative mood, 1st person singular

Root kṛ (8th class)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The speaker is Yayati.

अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - unprecedented (unprecedented, novel, never before)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apūrva

apūrva - unprecedented, novel, never before seen

Compound: a (negation) + pūrva (previous)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pūrva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• pūrva – former, previous, prior
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implied karma or kāryam.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates kṛtam.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed, undertaken (done, made, performed)

(participle)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with yat.

यत् (yat) - which (referring to apūrvam or implied action) (which, what)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Connects to the previous clause.

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Agent in passive construction (na kṛtam anyaiḥ).

विवित्समानः (vivitsamānaḥ) - desiring to ascertain, wishing to understand (desiring to know, wishing to learn)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivitsamāna

vivitsamāna - desiring to know, wishing to learn

Present Middle Participle of Desiderative

From desiderative stem vivitsa (from root vid - to know) + śāna suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with implied subject, Yayati.

किमु (kimu) - what indeed (what indeed, what then, how)

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) + u (emphasizing particle)

Note: Used for interrogation or emphasis.

तत्र (tatra) - in that situation/regard (there, in that place, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + tra (suffix for place)

Note: Refers to the unprecedented act.

साधु (sādhu) - truly beneficial, proper (implies dharma) (good, right, proper, virtuous, holy)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, right, proper, virtuous, holy, excellent

From root sādh (to accomplish, succeed)

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Answering the question kimu.

ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - speaking (speaking, saying)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - speaking, saying, proclaiming

Present Middle Participle

From root brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with nṛpatim and yayātim.

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies bruvāṇam.

नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound of nṛ (man) + pati (lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of abravīt.

ययातिम् (yayātim) - Yayati (Yayati (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayati (a legendary king in Hindu mythology)

Note: Object of abravīt.

नृप (nṛpa) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound: nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: First part of a karmadharaya or tatpuruṣa compound nṛpottama.

उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - excellent, best (best, excellent, highest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest, supreme

Superlative of ud (up) or ut.

Note: Second part of a karmadharaya compound nṛpottama. Agrees with vasumanāḥ.

वसुमनाः (vasumanāḥ) - Vasumanas (proper noun) (Vasumanas (proper noun), one with a good mind)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasumanas

vasumanas - Vasumanas (a proper name), good-minded, benevolent

Compound vasu (wealth, good) + manas (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vasu+manas)

• vasu – good, excellent, wealth
  adjective/noun (masculine/neuter)
• manas – mind, intellect, spirit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - replied, said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, Active voice

Root brū (2nd class)

Root: brū (class 2)

तम् (tam) - to him (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of abravīt.