महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-87, verse-6

ययातिरुवाच ।
इमं भौमं नरकं क्षीणपुण्यः प्रवेष्टुमुर्वीं गगनाद्विप्रकीर्णः ।
उक्त्वाहं वः प्रपतिष्याम्यनन्तरं त्वरन्ति मां ब्राह्मणा लोकपालाः ॥६॥

6. yayātiruvāca ,
imaṁ bhaumaṁ narakaṁ kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ; praveṣṭumurvīṁ gaganādviprakīrṇaḥ ,
uktvāhaṁ vaḥ prapatiṣyāmyanantaraṁ; tvaranti māṁ brāhmaṇā lokapālāḥ.

6. yayātiḥ uvāca imam bhaumam narakam
kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ praveṣṭum urvīm gaganāt
viprakīrṇaḥ uktvā aham vaḥ prapatiṣyāmi
anantaram tvaranti mām brāhmaṇāḥ lokapālāḥ

6. Yayāti said: "With my accumulated merit (puṇya) exhausted, I am destined to enter this earthly realm, which is like a hell (naraka), having been scattered from the heavens down to the earth. After speaking to you all, I shall fall immediately, for the Brahmins and the guardians of the worlds (lokapālāḥ) are urging me on."

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इमम् (imam) - this

• भौमम् (bhaumam) - earthly, terrestrial

• नरकम् (narakam) - this earthly realm which feels like a hell (naraka) (hell, infernal region, a miserable state)

• क्षीणपुण्यः (kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ) - I, whose accumulated merit (puṇya) is exhausted (whose merit is exhausted, whose good deeds are diminished)

• प्रवेष्टुम् (praveṣṭum) - to enter

• उर्वीम् (urvīm) - earth, ground

• गगनात् (gaganāt) - from the sky, from heaven

• विप्रकीर्णः (viprakīrṇaḥ) - scattered, dispersed, thrown down

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• अहम् (aham) - I

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), for you

• प्रपतिष्यामि (prapatiṣyāmi) - I shall fall down

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately, thereupon, directly

• त्वरन्ति (tvaranti) - they hurry, they urge

• माम् (mām) - me

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, priestly class

• लोकपालाः (lokapālāḥ) - the guardians of the worlds (lokapālāḥ) (guardians of the worlds, world-protectors)

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (a legendary king, son of Nahuṣa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd singular active, from root vac (to speak), irregular reduplication (u-v-ac)

Root: vac (class 2)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with "narakam" and "bhaumam".

भौमम् (bhaumam) - earthly, terrestrial

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhauma

bhauma - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth

Note: Agrees with "narakam".

नरकम् (narakam) - this earthly realm which feels like a hell (naraka) (hell, infernal region, a miserable state)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, infernal region, underworld, misery

Note: Object of "praveṣṭum".

क्षीणपुण्यः (kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ) - I, whose accumulated merit (puṇya) is exhausted (whose merit is exhausted, whose good deeds are diminished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇapuṇya

kṣīṇapuṇya - one whose religious merit is exhausted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+puṇya)

• kṣīṇa – exhausted, wasted, diminished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṣi (to decay, waste away)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, religious merit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied "I" (aham).

प्रवेष्टुम् (praveṣṭum) - to enter

(verb)

active, infinitive of praveṣṭu

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root viś (to enter) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

उर्वीम् (urvīm) - earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of urvī

urvī - earth, ground, land

Note: Object of "praveṣṭum", though "narakam" is also accusative. The idea is to enter "urvī" (earth) which is "bhaumam narakam" (an earthly hell).

गगनात् (gaganāt) - from the sky, from heaven

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, heaven

Note: Indicates separation/origin.

विप्रकीर्णः (viprakīrṇaḥ) - scattered, dispersed, thrown down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viprakīrṇa

viprakīrṇa - scattered, dispersed, spread out, thrown down

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root kṛ (to scatter) with prefixes vi- and pra-

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with the implied "I" (aham).

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Denotes action completed before the main verb.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Subject of "prapatiṣyāmi".

वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), for you

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Here used as dative/indirect object "to you".

प्रपतिष्यामि (prapatiṣyāmi) - I shall fall down

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pra+pat

Future Active

Future 1st singular active, from root pat (to fall) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately, thereupon, directly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

त्वरन्ति (tvaranti) - they hurry, they urge

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tvar

Present Active

Present 3rd plural active, from root tvar (to hurry)

Root: tvar (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Object of "tvaranti".

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

Note: Subject of "tvaranti".

लोकपालाः (lokapālāḥ) - the guardians of the worlds (lokapālāḥ) (guardians of the worlds, world-protectors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lokapāla

lokapāla - guardian of the world, protector of the region

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pāla)

• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
• pāla – guardian, protector, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of "tvaranti", co-ordinating with "brāhmaṇāḥ".