महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-87, verse-5

अष्टक उवाच ।
केनासि दूतः प्रहितोऽद्य राजन्युवा स्रग्वी दर्शनीयः सुवर्चाः ।
कुत आगतः कतरस्यां दिशि त्वमुताहोस्वित्पार्थिवं स्थानमस्ति ॥५॥

5. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
kenāsi dūtaḥ prahito'dya rāja;nyuvā sragvī darśanīyaḥ suvarcāḥ ,
kuta āgataḥ katarasyāṁ diśi tva;mutāhosvitpārthivaṁ sthānamasti.

5. aṣṭakaḥ uvāca kena asi dūtaḥ prahitaḥ
adya rājan yuvā sragvī darśanīyaḥ
suvarcāḥ kutaḥ āgataḥ katarasyām diśi
tvam uta ahosvit pārthivam sthānam asti

5. Aṣṭaka asked: "By whom have you been sent as a messenger today, O prince? You are young, adorned with a garland, handsome, and radiant. From where have you come, and from which direction? Or perhaps you belong to an earthly abode?"

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Aṣṭaka (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• असि (asi) - you are

• दूतः (dūtaḥ) - messenger, envoy

• प्रहितः (prahitaḥ) - sent, dispatched

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• राजन् (rājan) - O king, O prince

• युवा (yuvā) - young, youthful

• स्रग्वी (sragvī) - wearing a garland

• दर्शनीयः (darśanīyaḥ) - handsome, good-looking, worthy of being seen

• सुवर्चाः (suvarcāḥ) - radiant, resplendent, brilliant

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come

• कतरस्याम् (katarasyām) - in which (of two or more), in which one

• दिशि (diśi) - in the direction, in the region

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• उत (uta) - and, also, or, moreover

• अहोस्वित् (ahosvit) - or perhaps, or else, or indeed

• पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - earthly, terrestrial, royal

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - place, abode, position

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Aṣṭaka (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - Aṣṭaka (proper name); a group of eight

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd singular active, from root vac (to speak), irregular reduplication (u-v-ac)

Root: vac (class 2)

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Can also be neuter instrumental singular. Here, referring to a person, so masculine.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Present 2nd singular active, from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

दूतः (dūtaḥ) - messenger, envoy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy, ambassador

Note: Predicate nominative for 'asi'.

प्रहितः (prahitaḥ) - sent, dispatched

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahita

prahita - sent, dispatched, directed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root hā (to abandon, send) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with dūtaḥ.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

राजन् (rājan) - O king, O prince

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Vocative form of rājan.

युवा (yuvā) - young, youthful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuvan

yuvan - young, youthful person

Note: Agrees with the implied "you" (tvam).

स्रग्वी (sragvī) - wearing a garland

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sragvin

sragvin - wearing a garland or wreath

Note: Agrees with the implied "you" (tvam).

दर्शनीयः (darśanīyaḥ) - handsome, good-looking, worthy of being seen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darśanīya

darśanīya - visible, fit to be seen, handsome, beautiful

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see) + anīya suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied "you" (tvam).

सुवर्चाः (suvarcāḥ) - radiant, resplendent, brilliant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suvarcas

suvarcas - radiant, brilliant, splendid

Note: Agrees with the implied "you" (tvam).

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where

(indeclinable)

आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, present

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root gam (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with "tvam" (you).

कतरस्याम् (katarasyām) - in which (of two or more), in which one

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of katara

katara - which of two, which one

Note: Agrees with "diśi".

दिशि (diśi) - in the direction, in the region

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

उत (uta) - and, also, or, moreover

(indeclinable)

अहोस्वित् (ahosvit) - or perhaps, or else, or indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Often found together to form 'or perhaps'.

पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - earthly, terrestrial, royal

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, terrestrial, royal, a king

Note: Agrees with "sthānam".

स्थानम् (sthānam) - place, abode, position

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, abode, station, position

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of "asti".

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Present 3rd singular active, from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)