महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-87, verse-2

ययातिरुवाच ।
अनिकेतो गृहस्थेषु कामवृत्तेषु संयतः ।
ग्राम एव वसन्भिक्षुस्तयोः पूर्वतरं गतः ॥२॥

2. yayātiruvāca ,
aniketo gṛhastheṣu kāmavṛtteṣu saṁyataḥ ,
grāma eva vasanbhikṣustayoḥ pūrvataraṁ gataḥ.

2. Yayātiḥ uvāca aniketaḥ gṛhastheṣu kāmavṛtteṣu saṃyataḥ
grāme eva vasan bhikṣuḥ tayoḥ pūrvataram gataḥ

2. Yayāti said: A mendicant (bhikṣu), homeless (aniketa) and self-controlled, even while dwelling in the very village among householders who indulge in desires, attains his destination sooner than those householders.

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayāti (Yayāti)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अनिकेतः (aniketaḥ) - homeless, without a dwelling, unattached

• गृहस्थेषु (gṛhastheṣu) - among householders

• कामवृत्तेषु (kāmavṛtteṣu) - among those whose conduct is driven by desire, indulging in desires

• संयतः (saṁyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained, disciplined

• ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly, very

• वसन् (vasan) - living, dwelling, residing (masc. nom. sg. present active participle)

• भिक्षुः (bhikṣuḥ) - mendicant, renunciant, beggar

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - than the householders mentioned (of those two, than those two)

• पूर्वतरम् (pūrvataram) - earlier, sooner (comparative degree)

• गतः (gataḥ) - attained the goal/destination (gone, reached, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayāti (Yayāti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yayāti

Yayāti - Name of an ancient king

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect (Liṭ)

Root: √vac (class 2)

अनिकेतः (aniketaḥ) - homeless, without a dwelling, unattached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aniketa

aniketa - homeless, without a dwelling, unattached

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+niketa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• niketa – home, dwelling, abode
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: √ket (class 10)

गृहस्थेषु (gṛhastheṣu) - among householders

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - householder, one who dwells in a house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, dwelling, being in
  adjective
  agent noun/derivative from root √sthā
  From √sthā (to stand) + affix -a
  Root: √sthā (class 1)

कामवृत्तेषु (kāmavṛtteṣu) - among those whose conduct is driven by desire, indulging in desires

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of kāmavṛtta

kāmavṛtta - whose conduct is driven by desire, acting as one pleases, indulging in desires

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+vṛtta)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √kam (class 1)
• vṛtta – conduct, course of action, behavior
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛt (to be, to exist, to proceed) + affix -ta
  Root: √vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies gṛhastheṣu

संयतः (saṁyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained, disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyata

saṁyata - restrained, controlled, disciplined, composed

Past Passive Participle

From √yam (to restrain) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: √yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies bhikṣuḥ

ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, hamlet, community

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'grāme'

वसन् (vasan) - living, dwelling, residing (masc. nom. sg. present active participle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - living, dwelling, residing

Present Active Participle

From √vas (to dwell) + śatṛ affix

Root: √vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies bhikṣuḥ

भिक्षुः (bhikṣuḥ) - mendicant, renunciant, beggar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhikṣu

bhikṣu - mendicant, renunciant, beggar, Buddhist monk

From desiderative of √bhaj/√bhikṣ

Root: √bhikṣ

Note: Subject of the sentence

तयोः (tayoḥ) - than the householders mentioned (of those two, than those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

पूर्वतरम् (pūrvataram) - earlier, sooner (comparative degree)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrvatara

pūrvatara - earlier, prior, sooner (comparative of pūrva)

Comparative suffix -tara added to pūrva

Note: Adverbial accusative

गतः (gataḥ) - attained the goal/destination (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go) + kta affix

Root: √gam (class 1)