महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-178, verse-17

हाहाकृतं तद्धनुषा दृढेन निष्पिष्टभग्नाङ्गदकुण्डलं च ।
कृष्णानिमित्तं विनिवृत्तभावं राज्ञां तदा मण्डलमार्तमासीत् ॥१७॥

17. hāhākṛtaṁ taddhanuṣā dṛḍhena; niṣpiṣṭabhagnāṅgadakuṇḍalaṁ ca ,
kṛṣṇānimittaṁ vinivṛttabhāvaṁ; rājñāṁ tadā maṇḍalamārtamāsīt.

17. hāhākṛtam tat dhanuṣā dṛḍhena
niṣpiṣṭabhagnāṅgadakuṇḍalam ca
kṛṣṇānimittam vinivṛttabhāvam
rājñām tadā maṇḍalam ārtam āsīt

17. At that time, the assembly of kings, whose armlets and earrings were crushed and broken by that strong bow, was distressed and filled with cries of "Haha!", their intentions having turned away from Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī).

Words meanings summery:

• हाहाकृतम् (hāhākṛtam) - exclaiming 'Haha!', crying out 'Haha!'

• तत् (tat) - that (bow) (that, such)

• धनुषा (dhanuṣā) - by the bow

• दृढेन (dṛḍhena) - by the strong (bow) (by the strong, by the firm)

• निष्पिष्टभग्नाङ्गदकुण्डलम् (niṣpiṣṭabhagnāṅgadakuṇḍalam) - whose armlets and earrings are crushed and broken (referring to the kings) (whose armlets and earrings are crushed and broken)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कृष्णानिमित्तम् (kṛṣṇānimittam) - due to Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) (on account of Kṛṣṇā, due to Draupadī)

• विनिवृत्तभावम् (vinivṛttabhāvam) - whose intentions had turned away (from the marriage prize or Draupadī) (whose minds/intentions are turned away, having withdrawn feelings)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - assembly (of kings) (circle, assembly, district)

• आर्तम् (ārtam) - distressed, afflicted, pained

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

Words meanings and morphology

हाहाकृतम् (hāhākṛtam) - exclaiming 'Haha!', crying out 'Haha!'

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hāhākṛta

hāhākṛta - exclaiming 'Haha!'; made with 'Haha!' sounds

Past Passive Participle

Compound of the interjection 'hāhā' and the PPP of the root 'kṛ' (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'maṇḍalam'.

तत् (tat) - that (bow) (that, such)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, such, he, she, it

Note: Here, it functions adverbially or as a pronominal adjective, referring to the previously mentioned bow, despite not being in instrumental case.

धनुषा (dhanuṣā) - by the bow

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, weapon

दृढेन (dṛḍhena) - by the strong (bow) (by the strong, by the firm)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - strong, firm, hard, steady, established

Past Passive Participle

from root 'dṛh' (to be firm, strong)

Root: dṛh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuṣā'.

निष्पिष्टभग्नाङ्गदकुण्डलम् (niṣpiṣṭabhagnāṅgadakuṇḍalam) - whose armlets and earrings are crushed and broken (referring to the kings) (whose armlets and earrings are crushed and broken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niṣpiṣṭabhagnāṅgadakuṇḍala

niṣpiṣṭabhagnāṅgadakuṇḍala - having crushed and broken armlets and earrings

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'niṣpiṣṭa' (crushed) and 'bhagna' (broken) describe 'aṅgada' (armlet) and 'kuṇḍala' (earring), the whole forming an adjective to 'maṇḍalam'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niṣpiṣṭa+bhagna+aṅgada+kuṇḍala)

• niṣpiṣṭa – crushed, pounded, pulverized
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'piṣ' (to crush) with prefix 'nis'
  Prefix: nis
  Root: piṣ (class 7)
• bhagna – broken, shattered, defeated
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'bhañj' (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• aṅgada – armlet, bracelet, an ornament for the arm
  noun (masculine)
• kuṇḍala – earring, a coil, a ring
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'maṇḍalam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कृष्णानिमित्तम् (kṛṣṇānimittam) - due to Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) (on account of Kṛṣṇā, due to Draupadī)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛṣṇānimitta

kṛṣṇānimitta - cause or reason regarding Kṛṣṇā

Tatpurusha compound: 'kṛṣṇā' (Draupadī) + 'nimitta' (cause)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛṣṇā+nimitta)

• kṛṣṇā – Draupadī (daughter of Drupada, dark-complexioned)
  proper noun (feminine)
• nimitta – cause, reason, sign, omen
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to denote a cause or reason.

विनिवृत्तभावम् (vinivṛttabhāvam) - whose intentions had turned away (from the marriage prize or Draupadī) (whose minds/intentions are turned away, having withdrawn feelings)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vinivṛttabhāva

vinivṛttabhāva - having withdrawn feelings or intentions; whose state of mind is turned away

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'vinivṛtta' (turned away) + 'bhāva' (state, intention)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vinivṛtta+bhāva)

• vinivṛtta – turned away, withdrawn, ceased, retired
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ni'
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• bhāva – state, condition, intention, feeling, existence (bhāva)
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'bhū' (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'maṇḍalam'.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Modifies 'maṇḍalam'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - assembly (of kings) (circle, assembly, district)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, orb, disk, assembly, array, district

Note: Subject of the verb 'āsīt'.

आर्तम् (ārtam) - distressed, afflicted, pained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, suffering, afflicted, pained, sick

Past Passive Participle

from root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) or 'ṛdh' (to afflict) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'maṇḍalam'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

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