महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-178, verse-16

ते विक्रमन्तः स्फुरता दृढेन निष्कृष्यमाणा धनुषा नरेन्द्राः ।
विचेष्टमाना धरणीतलस्था दीना अदृश्यन्त विभग्नचित्ताः ॥१६॥

16. te vikramantaḥ sphuratā dṛḍhena; niṣkṛṣyamāṇā dhanuṣā narendrāḥ ,
viceṣṭamānā dharaṇītalasthā; dīnā adṛśyanta vibhagnacittāḥ.

16. te vikramantaḥ sphuratā dṛḍhena
niṣkṛṣyamāṇāḥ dhanuṣā narendrāḥ
viceṣṭamānāḥ dharaṇītalasthāḥ
dīnāḥ adṛśyanta vibhagnacittāḥ

16. Those kings, exerting themselves, were seen being dragged by the strong, trembling bow; they struggled on the ground, miserable and disheartened.

16. המלכים ההם התאמצו בכל כוחם, אך הקשת החזקה והרוטטת משכה אותם וטרקה אותם ארצה, והם נראו מתפתלים על פני הקרקע, מדוכאים ושבורי רוח.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• विक्रमन्तः (vikramantaḥ) - exerting themselves, showing valor

• स्फुरता (sphuratā) - by the trembling (bow) (by the trembling, by the quivering)

• दृढेन (dṛḍhena) - by the strong (bow) (by the strong, by the firm)

• निष्कृष्यमाणाः (niṣkṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - being pulled back, being dragged out

• धनुषा (dhanuṣā) - by the bow, with the bow

• नरेन्द्राः (narendrāḥ) - kings, lords of men

• विचेष्टमानाः (viceṣṭamānāḥ) - struggling, writhing, making efforts

• धरणीतलस्थाः (dharaṇītalasthāḥ) - situated on the surface of the earth, lying on the ground

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed

• अदृश्यन्त (adṛśyanta) - they were seen

• विभग्नचित्ताः (vibhagnacittāḥ) - broken-hearted, disheartened

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

विक्रमन्तः (vikramantaḥ) - exerting themselves, showing valor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vikramant

vikramant - exerting oneself, showing valor, proceeding

Present Active Participle

Formed from vi- + kram (to step, stride, exert) + -at (present active participle suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

स्फुरता (sphuratā) - by the trembling (bow) (by the trembling, by the quivering)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sphurat

sphurat - trembling, quivering, glittering

Present Active Participle

Formed from sphur (to throb, tremble) + -at (present active participle suffix)

Root: sphur (class 6)

दृढेन (dṛḍhena) - by the strong (bow) (by the strong, by the firm)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - firm, strong, hard, steady

निष्कृष्यमाणाः (niṣkṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - being pulled back, being dragged out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣkṛṣyamāṇa

niṣkṛṣyamāṇa - being drawn out, being pulled back, being dragged

Present Passive Participle

Formed from nis- + kṛṣ (to pull, draw) in the passive voice with -māna suffix

Prefix: nis

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

धनुषा (dhanuṣā) - by the bow, with the bow

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arch

नरेन्द्राः (narendrāḥ) - kings, lords of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, most excellent
  noun (masculine)

विचेष्टमानाः (viceṣṭamānāḥ) - struggling, writhing, making efforts

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viceṣṭamāna

viceṣṭamāna - struggling, writhing, making efforts, moving about

Present Middle Participle

Formed from vi- + ceṣṭ (to move, strive) + -māna (present middle participle suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

धरणीतलस्थाः (dharaṇītalasthāḥ) - situated on the surface of the earth, lying on the ground

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharaṇītalastha

dharaṇītalastha - standing or situated on the surface of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharaṇītala+stha)

• dharaṇītala – surface of the earth, ground
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated, residing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, distressed, sad

अदृश्यन्त (adṛśyanta) - they were seen

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, Imperfect Past (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विभग्नचित्ताः (vibhagnacittāḥ) - broken-hearted, disheartened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vibhagnacitta

vibhagnacitta - broken-hearted, disheartened, dejected in mind

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vibhagna+citta)

• vibhagna – broken, shattered, frustrated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from vi- + bhañj (to break) + -na (PPP suffix)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• citta – mind, thought, heart, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

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