महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-173, verse-21

वसिष्ठश्च महाभागः सर्वमेतदपश्यत ।
ज्ञानयोगेन महता तपसा च परंतप ॥२१॥

21. vasiṣṭhaśca mahābhāgaḥ sarvametadapaśyata ,
jñānayogena mahatā tapasā ca paraṁtapa.

21. vasiṣṭhaḥ ca mahābhāgaḥ sarvam etat apaśyata
jñānayogena mahatā tapasā ca parantapa

21. O vanquisher of foes, the highly esteemed Vaśiṣṭha perceived all this through great application of knowledge (jñāna-yoga) and asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - the celebrated Vedic sage Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - the highly esteemed one (highly esteemed, greatly fortunate, most excellent)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of this (all, whole, every)

• एतत् (etat) - this, this here

• अपश्यत (apaśyata) - saw, perceived

• ज्ञानयोगेन (jñānayogena) - through the application of knowledge (jñāna-yoga) (by the yoga of knowledge, through the path of knowledge)

• महता (mahatā) - with great, by means of great

• तपसा (tapasā) - through asceticism (tapas) (by asceticism, through penance)

• च (ca) - and, also

• परन्तप (parantapa) - O vanquisher of foes, O tormentor of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - the celebrated Vedic sage Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - name of a celebrated Vedic sage; best, most excellent

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - the highly esteemed one (highly esteemed, greatly fortunate, most excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly esteemed, greatly fortunate, most excellent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhāga – share, fortune, part
  noun (masculine)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of this (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

एतत् (etat) - this, this here

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

अपश्यत (apaśyata) - saw, perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Root 'dṛś' takes 'paś' as substitute in present/imperfect stems.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ज्ञानयोगेन (jñānayogena) - through the application of knowledge (jñāna-yoga) (by the yoga of knowledge, through the path of knowledge)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jñānayoga

jñānayoga - the yoga of knowledge, path of knowledge, discipline of knowledge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+yoga)

• jñāna – knowledge, spiritual knowledge
  noun (neuter)
• yoga – union, discipline, method, path
  noun (masculine)

महता (mahatā) - with great, by means of great

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'jñānayogena' and 'tapasā'.

तपसा (tapasā) - through asceticism (tapas) (by asceticism, through penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परन्तप (parantapa) - O vanquisher of foes, O tormentor of enemies

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of parantapa

parantapa - vanquisher of foes, tormentor of enemies

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – enemy, hostile, other
  noun
• tapa – scorching, tormenting
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root tap 'to heat, to torment'.
  Root: tap (class 1)