महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-173, verse-1

अर्जुन उवाच ।
राज्ञा कल्माषपादेन गुरौ ब्रह्मविदां वरे ।
कारणं किं पुरस्कृत्य भार्या वै संनियोजिता ॥१॥

1. arjuna uvāca ,
rājñā kalmāṣapādena gurau brahmavidāṁ vare ,
kāraṇaṁ kiṁ puraskṛtya bhāryā vai saṁniyojitā.

1. arjuna uvāca rājñā kalmāṣapādena gurau brahmavidāṃ
vare kāraṇaṃ kim puraskṛtya bhāryā vai saṃniyojitā

1. Arjuna said, "What was the reason that King Kalmāṣapāda engaged his wife with the preceptor, who was the foremost among those who know Brahman (brahman)?"

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• कल्माषपादेन (kalmāṣapādena) - by Kalmāṣapāda (a king)

• गुरौ (gurau) - to the preceptor, to the teacher

• ब्रह्मविदां (brahmavidāṁ) - of those who know Brahman

• वरे (vare) - in the best, to the best, the best one

• कारणं (kāraṇaṁ) - reason, cause

• किम् (kim) - what

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having put forward, having placed in front, regarding

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• संनियोजिता (saṁniyojitā) - engaged, appointed

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna, white, silver

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कल्माषपादेन (kalmāṣapādena) - by Kalmāṣapāda (a king)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kalmāṣapāda

kalmāṣapāda - Kalmāṣapāda (a king whose feet were spotted/stained)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kalmāṣa+pāda)

• kalmāṣa – spotted, variegated
  adjective (masculine)
• pāda – foot, leg
  noun (masculine)

गुरौ (gurau) - to the preceptor, to the teacher

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important (including the term guru)

ब्रह्मविदां (brahmavidāṁ) - of those who know Brahman

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brahmavid

brahmavid - knower of Brahman

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (brahman+vid)

• brahman – Brahman, the absolute reality (including the term brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, knower
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root vid with suffix
  Root: vid (class 2)

वरे (vare) - in the best, to the best, the best one

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, suitor

कारणं (kāraṇaṁ) - reason, cause

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

किम् (kim) - what

(interrogative pronoun)

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having put forward, having placed in front, regarding

(indeclinable)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: absolutive (gerund) with upasarga 'puras'

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, to be supported/nourished

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

संनियोजिता (saṁniyojitā) - engaged, appointed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃniyojita

saṁniyojita - engaged, appointed, enjoined

Past Passive Participle

Formed from `saṃ` + `ni` + `yuj` (root) + `kta` suffix

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: yuj (class 7)