महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-173, verse-2

जानता च परं धर्मं लोक्यं तेन महात्मना ।
अगम्यागमनं कस्माद्वसिष्ठेन महात्मना ।
कृतं तेन पुरा सर्वं वक्तुमर्हसि पृच्छतः ॥२॥

2. jānatā ca paraṁ dharmaṁ lokyaṁ tena mahātmanā ,
agamyāgamanaṁ kasmādvasiṣṭhena mahātmanā ,
kṛtaṁ tena purā sarvaṁ vaktumarhasi pṛcchataḥ.

2. jānatā ca param dharmam lokyam tena
mahātmanā agamyāgamanaṃ kasmāt
vasiṣṭhena mahātmanā kṛtam tena
purā sarvam vaktum arhasi pṛcchataḥ

2. And by that great soul (mahātman) who understood the supreme natural law (dharma) beneficial to all people, why was the act of approaching an inaccessible woman performed by the great sage (mahātman) Vasiṣṭha? Please tell me, who am asking, all that he did previously.

Words meanings summery:

• जानता (jānatā) - by the knowing one, by one who knows

• च (ca) - and

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)

• लोक्यम् (lokyam) - worldly, beneficial to people

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul (mahātman)

• अगम्यागमनं (agamyāgamanaṁ) - the act of going to an inaccessible woman, unlawful intercourse

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what reason

• वसिष्ठेन (vasiṣṭhena) - by Vasiṣṭha

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul (mahātman)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• तेन (tena) - by him

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

• पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - of the one asking

Words meanings and morphology

जानता (jānatā) - by the knowing one, by one who knows

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, intelligent

Present Active Participle

Formed from `jñā` (root) + `śatṛ` suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - supreme, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, other, next

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion (including the term dharma)

लोक्यम् (lokyam) - worldly, beneficial to people

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lokya

lokya - fit for the world, popular, beneficial to people

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul (mahātman)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble, magnanimous (including the term ātman)

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (including the term ātman)
  noun (masculine)

अगम्यागमनं (agamyāgamanaṁ) - the act of going to an inaccessible woman, unlawful intercourse

(noun)

neuter, singular of agamyāgamana

agamyāgamana - approaching an inaccessible woman, unlawful intercourse

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (agamya+āgamana)

• agamya – inaccessible, not to be approached
  adjective (feminine)
  Gerundive
  Formed from `a` (negative prefix) + `gam` (root) + `ya` (suffix)
  Prefix: a
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āgamana – going, approaching, arrival
  noun (neuter)
  noun from verb
  Formed from `ā` (upasarga) + `gam` (root) + `ana` (suffix)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what reason

(interrogative pronoun)

वसिष्ठेन (vasiṣṭhena) - by Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (a sage), most excellent

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul (mahātman)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble, magnanimous (including the term ātman)

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (including the term ātman)
  noun (masculine)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from `kṛ` (root) + `kta` suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तेन (tena) - by him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole

(pronoun/adjective)

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(indeclinable)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: infinitive

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - of the one asking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pṛcchat

pṛcchat - asking, inquiring

Present Active Participle

Formed from `prach` (root) + `śatṛ` suffix (weak stem `pṛcchat`)

Root: prach (class 6)