महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-149, verse-18

गुरुणा चाननुज्ञातो ग्राहयेद्यं सुतो मम ।
न स कुर्यात्तया कार्यं विद्ययेति सतां मतम् ॥१८॥

18. guruṇā cānanujñāto grāhayedyaṁ suto mama ,
na sa kuryāttayā kāryaṁ vidyayeti satāṁ matam.

18. guruṇā ca ananujñātaḥ grāhayet yam sutaḥ mama na
saḥ kuryāt tayā kāryam vidyayā iti satām matam

18. And if my son, without the preceptor's (guru) permission, were to teach someone, that person should not accomplish any task using that knowledge. This is considered the view of the wise.

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the preceptor (guru), by the teacher

• च (ca) - and, also

• अननुज्ञातः (ananujñātaḥ) - unpermitted, unallowed, without permission

• ग्राहयेत् (grāhayet) - would cause to learn, would instruct, should teach

• यम् (yam) - whom, which (masculine singular)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, would do, might do

• तया (tayā) - with that knowledge (by that (feminine), with that)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - work, deed, task, purpose

• विद्यया (vidyayā) - by means of knowledge, with knowledge

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the wise, of the virtuous

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, view, doctrine, considered

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the preceptor (guru), by the teacher

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru

guru - preceptor, teacher, spiritual guide, heavy, important

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अननुज्ञातः (ananujñātaḥ) - unpermitted, unallowed, without permission

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ananujñāta

ananujñāta - unpermitted, not allowed, unsanctioned

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of an (not) + anujñāta (permitted). Anujñāta is a PPP from anu-jñā (to permit).

Prefixes: an+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

ग्राहयेत् (grāhayet) - would cause to learn, would instruct, should teach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of grāh

Causative Optative

Causative of root grah (to seize, to learn).

Root: grah (class 9)

यम् (yam) - whom, which (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, my, mine, me

From the first person pronoun (aham).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, would do, might do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तया (tayā) - with that knowledge (by that (feminine), with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to vidyā (knowledge).

कार्यम् (kāryam) - work, deed, task, purpose

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, action, business, purpose, to be done

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do) as a gerundive, meaning 'that which is to be done'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विद्यया (vidyayā) - by means of knowledge, with knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, magic

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the wise, of the virtuous

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, wise

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

मतम् (matam) - opinion, view, doctrine, considered

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - opinion, view, thought, doctrine, considered, approved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root man (to think) in past passive participle form.

Root: man (class 4)