महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-149, verse-10

आगतस्य गृहे त्यागस्तथैव शरणार्थिनः ।
याचमानस्य च वधो नृशंसं परमं मतम् ॥१०॥

10. āgatasya gṛhe tyāgastathaiva śaraṇārthinaḥ ,
yācamānasya ca vadho nṛśaṁsaṁ paramaṁ matam.

10. āgatasya gṛhe tyāgaḥ tathā eva śaraṇārthinaḥ
| yācamānasya ca vadhaḥ nṛśaṃsam paramam matam

10. Abandoning a guest who has arrived at one's home, and similarly one seeking refuge, and also the killing of one who is begging – this is considered the supreme act of cruelty.

Words meanings summery:

• आगतस्य (āgatasya) - of one who has arrived, of a guest

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment, forsaking, renunciation, sacrifice

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• शरणार्थिनः (śaraṇārthinaḥ) - of one seeking refuge

• याचमानस्य (yācamānasya) - of one who is begging, of a petitioner

• च (ca) - and, also

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, slaying, death

• नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, merciless; a cruel act

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, greatest

• मतम् (matam) - considered, thought, esteemed, opinion

Words meanings and morphology

आगतस्य (āgatasya) - of one who has arrived, of a guest

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, obtained; a guest

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' with prefix 'ā' and 'ta' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to a person, often implied as a guest.

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment, forsaking, renunciation, sacrifice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, forsaking, relinquishment, renunciation, sacrifice

Derived from root 'tyaj' with 'a' suffix.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Implied for both 'āgatasya' and 'śaraṇārthinaḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

शरणार्थिनः (śaraṇārthinaḥ) - of one seeking refuge

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaraṇārthin

śaraṇārthin - seeker of refuge, suppliant, refugee

Compound of 'śaraṇa' (refuge) and 'arthin' (seeker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaraṇa+arthin)

• śaraṇa – refuge, shelter, protection, asylum, help
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – seeker, desirer, petitioner, suppliant, one who has a purpose
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'artha' with 'in' suffix.

याचमानस्य (yācamānasya) - of one who is begging, of a petitioner

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yācamāna

yācamāna - begging, soliciting, requesting, imploring

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'yāc' with 'māna' suffix.

Root: yāc (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, slaying, death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, striking, death, injury

Derived from root 'vadh' with 'a' suffix.

Root: vadh (class 1)

नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, merciless; a cruel act

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, atrocious, merciless; a cruel person/act

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, greatest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, greatest, best

मतम् (matam) - considered, thought, esteemed, opinion

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, considered, approved, esteemed, opinion, doctrine

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'man' (to think, believe) with 'ta' suffix.

Root: man (class 4)