योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-15

संकटेषु दुरन्तेषु सन्त एव गतिः सताम् ।
एभिश्चिह्नैरथान्यैश्च ज्ञात्वा तानुचिताशयान् ॥ १५ ॥

saṃkaṭeṣu duranteṣu santa eva gatiḥ satām ,
ebhiścihnairathānyaiśca jñātvā tānucitāśayān 15

15. saṃkaṭeṣu duranteṣu santa eva gatiḥ satām ebhiḥ
cihnaiḥ atha anyaiḥ ca jñātvā tān ucitāśayān

15. saṃkaṭeṣu duranteṣu satām santa eva gatiḥ ebhiḥ
atha anyaiḥ ca cihnaiḥ tān ucitāśayān jñātvā

15. When faced with dire and endless calamities, truly the virtuous (santa) are the only refuge for those who are good. After recognizing them—by these and other signs—as having proper intentions...

Words meanings summery:

• संकटेषु (saṁkaṭeṣu) - in difficulties, in dangers, in calamities

• दुरन्तेषु (duranteṣu) - in dire, in endless, in insurmountable

• सन्त (santa) - the virtuous, the good, the existent

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - path, refuge, resort, movement

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of the good, of the existent

• एभिः (ebhiḥ) - by these

• चिह्नैः (cihnaiḥ) - by signs, by marks

• अथ (atha) - and, then, moreover

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

• च (ca) - and

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• उचिताशयान् (ucitāśayān) - having proper intentions, of good disposition

Words meanings and morphology

संकटेषु (saṁkaṭeṣu) - in difficulties, in dangers, in calamities

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of saṃkaṭa

saṁkaṭa - difficulty, danger, calamity, crisis

Prefix: sam

Root: kaṭ (class 1)

दुरन्तेषु (duranteṣu) - in dire, in endless, in insurmountable

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of duranta

duranta - having a bad end, dire, endless, insurmountable, difficult to terminate

Prefix: dur

Root: ant

Note: Qualifies saṃkaṭeṣu.

सन्त (santa) - the virtuous, the good, the existent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - good, virtuous, existent, being, wise person

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be) + śatṛ (present participle suffix).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used substantively as 'the virtuous ones'.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

गतिः (gatiḥ) - path, refuge, resort, movement

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, course, refuge, ultimate destination

Derived from root gam (to go) + ktin suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of the good, of the existent

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sant

sant - good, virtuous, existent, being, wise person

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be) + śatṛ (present participle suffix).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used substantively as 'of the virtuous ones'.

एभिः (ebhiḥ) - by these

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to cihnaiḥ and anyaiḥ.

चिह्नैः (cihnaiḥ) - by signs, by marks

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of cihna

cihna - sign, mark, characteristic, symptom

Root: cit (class 1)

अथ (atha) - and, then, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as 'and'.

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Qualifies unspecified signs.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root jñā (to know) + ktvā suffix.

Root: jñā (class 9)

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to santa (the virtuous ones).

उचिताशयान् (ucitāśayān) - having proper intentions, of good disposition

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ucitāśaya

ucitāśaya - having proper intentions, of good disposition, well-minded

Compound type : karmadhāraya / bahuvrīhi (ucita+āśaya)

• ucita – proper, fit, suitable, right
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root uc (to be pleased, be fitting) + kta suffix.
  Root: uc (class 1)
• āśaya – intention, disposition, meaning, purpose, substratum
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-śī (to lie, rest in) + a.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies tān.