योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-3, verse-16

य एवातितरां शत्रुः सत्वरं मारणोद्यतः ।
तमेवाकृत्रिमं मित्रं यः पश्यति स पश्यति ॥ १६ ॥

ya evātitarāṃ śatruḥ satvaraṃ māraṇodyataḥ ,
tamevākṛtrimaṃ mitraṃ yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati 16

16. yaḥ eva atitarām śatruḥ satvaram māraṇa udyataḥ
tam eva akṛtrimam mitram yaḥ paśyati saḥ paśyati

16. yaḥ eva atitarām śatruḥ satvaram māraṇa udyataḥ
tam eva akṛtrimam mitram yaḥ paśyati saḥ paśyati

16. Whoever sees even that very enemy who is excessively intent on killing as a natural, genuine friend – that person truly sees.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अतितराम् (atitarām) - exceedingly, very much, intensely

• शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe

• सत्वरम् (satvaram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• मारण (māraṇa) - killing, destroying

• उद्यतः (udyataḥ) - ready, prepared, intent on

• तम् (tam) - that (one), him

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अकृत्रिमम् (akṛtrimam) - natural, genuine, not artificial

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• पश्यति (paśyati) - truly sees (emphasized by repetition) (sees, truly sees, perceives)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

अतितराम् (atitarām) - exceedingly, very much, intensely

(indeclinable)

From 'ati' (beyond) + 'taram' (comparative suffix).

शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

सत्वरम् (satvaram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'sa' (with) and 'tvara' (haste).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+tvara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• tvara – haste, quickness
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here.

मारण (māraṇa) - killing, destroying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of māraṇa

māraṇa - killing, slaying, destroying

causative verbal noun

Derived from the causative of root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Part of the Tatpuruṣa compound 'māraṇodyataḥ'.

उद्यतः (udyataḥ) - ready, prepared, intent on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udyata

udyata - raised, lifted, prepared, ready, active, intent on

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'yam' with prefix 'ud'.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: The compound 'māraṇodyataḥ' is a Tatpuruṣa meaning 'intent on killing'.

तम् (tam) - that (one), him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

अकृत्रिमम् (akṛtrimam) - natural, genuine, not artificial

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akṛtrima

akṛtrima - natural, genuine, not artificial, spontaneous

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (negation) and 'kṛtrima' (artificial).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṛtrima)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kṛtrima – artificial, factitious, made, adopted
  adjective
  From root 'kṛ' (to make) with suffix 'trima'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'mitram'.

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of paśyati

Present Active

From root 'dṛś', 3rd person singular present active form (irregular conjugation).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पश्यति (paśyati) - truly sees (emphasized by repetition) (sees, truly sees, perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of paśyati

Present Active

From root 'dṛś', 3rd person singular present active form (irregular conjugation).

Root: dṛś (class 1)