वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-95, verse-18

ततो बुद्ध्या विनिश्चित्य कालवाक्यानि राघवः ।
नैतदस्तीति चोक्त्वा स तूष्णीमासीन्महायशाः ॥१८॥

18. tato buddhyā viniścitya kālavākyāni rāghavaḥ ,
naitadastīti coktvā sa tūṣṇīmāsīnmahāyaśāḥ.

18. tataḥ buddhyā viniścitya kālavākyāni rāghavaḥ na
etat asti iti ca uktvā sa tūṣṇīm āsīt mahāyaśāḥ

18. tataḥ mahāyaśāḥ rāghavaḥ buddhyā kālavākyāni
viniścitya etat na asti iti ca uktvā sa tūṣṇīm āsīt

18. Then, having reflected and understood Kāla's words with his intellect (buddhi), Rāghava, the greatly renowned one, said 'This is not right!' and fell silent.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with his intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by reason)

• विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having reflected and understood (having determined, having ascertained, having resolved)

• कालवाक्यानि (kālavākyāni) - Kāla's words (words concerning time, sayings of Kāla (Time/Death))

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (Rāghava, a descendant of Raghu (Rāma))

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• एतत् (etat) - this (matter, referring to the consequences) (this, that)

• अस्ति (asti) - is (right) (is, exists, there is)

• इति (iti) - saying (thus, so, in this manner (marks a quotation or thought))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - said (having said, having spoken)

• स (sa) - he (Rāghava) (he, that (one))

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silent (adverbially modifying 'āsīt') (silently, quietly, in silence)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - became (was, existed, became)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - the greatly renowned one (Rāghava) (greatly renowned, highly famous, glorious)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous verse's events.

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with his intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by reason)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception

From root budh-1 (bodhati)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Instrument of action for 'viniścitya'.

विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having reflected and understood (having determined, having ascertained, having resolved)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root ni-ści-5 with prefix vi- (or root cit-10 with vi-ni, or √ści with vi-ni for 'to ascertain')

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ści (class 5)

कालवाक्यानि (kālavākyāni) - Kāla's words (words concerning time, sayings of Kāla (Time/Death))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kālavākya

kālavākya - words of Kāla, message of Time

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+vākya)

• kāla – time, death
  noun (masculine)
• vākya – word, speech, sentence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'viniścitya'.

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (Rāghava, a descendant of Raghu (Rāma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, (an epithet of Rāma)

Derived from Raghu

Note: Subject of the sentence.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'asti'.

एतत् (etat) - this (matter, referring to the consequences) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Subject of the internal clause 'na etat asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - is (right) (is, exists, there is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present (Laṭ)

Root as-2 (asti)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms the clause 'this is not'.

इति (iti) - saying (thus, so, in this manner (marks a quotation or thought))

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding phrase as a quotation.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the action of speaking and becoming silent.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - said (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root vac-2 (vakti/uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies the action of becoming silent.

स (sa) - he (Rāghava) (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to Rāghava, subject of 'āsīt'.

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silent (adverbially modifying 'āsīt') (silently, quietly, in silence)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'āsīt' to mean 'became silent'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - became (was, existed, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root as-2 (asti)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The past tense of 'to be'.

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - the greatly renowned one (Rāghava) (greatly renowned, highly famous, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - great fame, greatly renowned

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective for Rāghava.

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