वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-95, verse-11

सो ऽभिवाद्य महात्मानं ज्वलन्तमिव तेजसा ।
किं कार्यमिति काकुत्स्थः कृताञ्जलिरभाषत ॥११॥

11. so'bhivādya mahātmānaṃ jvalantamiva tejasā ,
kiṃ kāryamiti kākutsthaḥ kṛtāñjalirabhāṣata.

11. saḥ abhivādya mahātmānam jvalantam iva tejasā
kim kāryam iti kākutsthaḥ kṛtāñjaliḥ abhāṣata

11. saḥ kākutsthaḥ kṛtāñjaliḥ tejasā jvalantam iva
mahātmānam abhivādya kim kāryam iti abhāṣata

11. Having saluted the great soul (mahātman), who was shining as if with brilliance, Kākutstha (Rāma) spoke with folded hands, asking, 'What is the purpose?'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rāma) (he, that)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having bowed, having saluted, having greeted respectfully

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - to the great soul (mahātman) (to the great soul, to the noble person)

• ज्वलन्तम् (jvalantam) - who was shining (shining, blazing, glowing)

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, by splendor, by spiritual power

• किम् (kim) - what (is the purpose?) (what?, why?, whether)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - purpose, task (to be done, duty, action, purpose)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought)

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Kākutstha (Rāma) (descendant of Kakutstha (epithet for Rāma))

• कृताञ्जलिः (kṛtāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (as a sign of respect or humility)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Rāma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having bowed, having saluted, having greeted respectfully

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From abhi + √vad (to speak) + -ya suffix (causative stem).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Action completed before 'abhāṣata'.

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - to the great soul (mahātman) (to the great soul, to the noble person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble person, high-minded

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'abhivādya'.

ज्वलन्तम् (jvalantam) - who was shining (shining, blazing, glowing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jvalat

jvalat - shining, blazing, glowing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from root jval (to blaze, shine).

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mahātmānam'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, by splendor, by spiritual power

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, spiritual power, energy

Note: Indicates the means of shining.

किम् (kim) - what (is the purpose?) (what?, why?, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Note: Questioning pronoun.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - purpose, task (to be done, duty, action, purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, purpose

Gerundive

Gerundive (future passive participle) from root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of the question 'kim kāryam?'

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the question.

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Kākutstha (Rāma) (descendant of Kakutstha (epithet for Rāma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet for Rāma)

Note: Refers to Rāma, the speaker.

कृताञ्जलिः (kṛtāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (as a sign of respect or humility)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtāñjali

kṛtāñjali - one who has made the añjali (folded hands)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+añjali)

• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• añjali – folding of hands (in respect), reverence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes 'kākutsthaḥ'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular imperfect (laṅ) of root bhāṣ (ātmanepada).

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

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