वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-52, verse-15

बहवः पार्थिवा राजन्नतिक्रान्ता महाबलाः ।
कार्यगौरवमश्रुत्वा प्रतिज्ञां नाभ्यरोचयन् ॥१५॥

15. bahavaḥ pārthivā rājannatikrāntā mahābalāḥ ,
kāryagauravamaśrutvā pratijñāṃ nābhyarocayan.

15. bahavaḥ pārthivāḥ rājan atikrāntāḥ mahābalāḥ
kāryagauravam aśrutvā pratijñām na abhyarocayan

15. rājan bahavaḥ mahābalāḥ pārthivāḥ atikrāntāḥ
kāryagauravam aśrutvā pratijñām na abhyarocayan

15. O King, many powerful rulers have passed away. Not having understood the gravity of the task, they did not approve of the vow.

Words meanings summery:

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (many, numerous)

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers, earthly)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• अतिक्रान्ताः (atikrāntāḥ) - passed away (gone beyond, passed away, deceased)

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - mighty (very powerful, mighty)

• कार्यगौरवम् (kāryagauravam) - the gravity of the task (the importance/gravity of the task)

• अश्रुत्वा (aśrutvā) - without having understood (without hearing, not having heard)

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - the vow (promise, vow, agreement)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अभ्यरोचयन् (abhyarocayan) - they approved (they approved, they liked)

Words meanings and morphology

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers, earthly)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, terrestrial, a king, a ruler

derived from pṛthivī (earth)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: √rāj

अतिक्रान्ताः (atikrāntāḥ) - passed away (gone beyond, passed away, deceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atikrānta

atikrānta - passed, gone beyond, deceased

Past Passive Participle

from ati-√kram (to go beyond, to pass)

Prefix: ati

Root: √kram (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective for 'pārthivāḥ'

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - mighty (very powerful, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, mighty, having great strength

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

कार्यगौरवम् (kāryagauravam) - the gravity of the task (the importance/gravity of the task)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāryagaurava

kāryagaurava - importance of a task, weight of a duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārya+gaurava)

• kārya – to be done, duty, task, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from √kṛ (to do)
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)
• gaurava – weight, gravity, importance, respect
  noun (neuter)
  from guru (heavy, important)

अश्रुत्वा (aśrutvā) - without having understood (without hearing, not having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with negation

from a- (neg.) + √śru (to hear) + -tvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: √śru (class 5)

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - the vow (promise, vow, agreement)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - promise, vow, agreement, assertion

from prati-√jñā (to promise, acknowledge)

Prefix: prati

Root: √jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अभ्यरोचयन् (abhyarocayan) - they approved (they approved, they liked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhyarocayat

from abhi-√ruc (to shine upon, to like, to approve)

Prefix: abhi

Root: √ruc (class 7)