वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-50, verse-4

स दृष्ट्वा सूर्यसंकाशं ज्वलन्तमिव तेजसा ।
उपविष्टं वसिष्ठस्य सव्ये पार्श्वे महामुनिम् ।
तौ मुनी तापसश्रेष्ठौ विनीतस्त्वभ्यवादयत् ॥४॥

4. sa dṛṣṭvā sūryasaṃkāśaṃ jvalantamiva tejasā ,
upaviṣṭaṃ vasiṣṭhasya savye pārśve mahāmunim ,
tau munī tāpasaśreṣṭhau vinītastvabhyavādayat.

4. sa dṛṣṭvā sūryasaṃkāśam jvalantam
iva tejasā upaviṣṭam vasiṣṭhasya
savye pārśve mahāmunim tau munī
tapasśreṣṭhau vinītaḥ tu abhyavādayat

4. saḥ vinītaḥ tu sūryasaṃkāśam tejasā
jvalantam iva vasiṣṭhasya savye
pārśve upaviṣṭam mahāmunim dṛṣṭvā
tau tapasśreṣṭhau munī abhyavādayat

4. Upon seeing the great sage, who was seated on Vasiṣṭha's left side and shining with splendor as if blazing like the sun, the king, humble and reverent, greeted those two excellent ascetics (muni).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - the king (father) (he)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सूर्यसंकाशम् (sūryasaṁkāśam) - sun-like, resembling the sun

• ज्वलन्तम् (jvalantam) - blazing, shining, burning

• इव (iva) - as if, like, resembling

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by splendor, by brilliance, by power

• उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - seated, sitting

• वसिष्ठस्य (vasiṣṭhasya) - of Vasiṣṭha

• सव्ये (savye) - on the left, left (side)

• पार्श्वे (pārśve) - on the side, flank

• महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - the great sage Viśvāmitra (great sage, great ascetic (muni))

• तौ (tau) - those two sages (Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra) (those two)

• मुनी (munī) - Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra (two sages, two ascetics (muni))

• तपस्श्रेष्ठौ (tapasśreṣṭhau) - best among ascetics, excellent ascetics

• विनीतः (vinītaḥ) - humble, modest, well-behaved

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• अभ्यवादयत् (abhyavādayat) - greeted respectfully, saluted

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - the king (father) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king, the father from the previous verse.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed by adding -tvā to the root.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates completion of the action 'seeing' before the main verb 'greeted'.

सूर्यसंकाशम् (sūryasaṁkāśam) - sun-like, resembling the sun

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūryasaṃkāśa

sūryasaṁkāśa - sun-like, resembling the sun in splendor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+saṃkāśa)

• sūrya – sun, sun god
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – appearance, resemblance, like, equal to
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahāmunim'.

ज्वलन्तम् (jvalantam) - blazing, shining, burning

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jvalat

jvalat - blazing, shining, burning

Present Active Participle

From root jval (to blaze), present stem jvala- + -at suffix.

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahāmunim'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, resembling

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by splendor, by brilliance, by power

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, brilliance, energy, power, light

Note: Indicates the means or cause of shining.

उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - seated, sitting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting down

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with upasarga upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'mahāmunim'.

वसिष्ठस्य (vasiṣṭhasya) - of Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of a celebrated Vedic sage), most excellent

Note: Indicates possession ('of Vasiṣṭha's side').

सव्ये (savye) - on the left, left (side)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of savya

savya - left (side or hand), left-handed

Note: Qualifies 'pārśve'.

पार्श्वे (pārśve) - on the side, flank

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank, vicinity

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - the great sage Viśvāmitra (great sage, great ascetic (muni))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic (muni)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  indeclinable
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Implied to be Viśvāmitra, a prominent sage in the Rāmāyaṇa.

तौ (tau) - those two sages (Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra.

मुनी (munī) - Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra (two sages, two ascetics (muni))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one, seer

Note: Refers to Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra.

तपस्श्रेष्ठौ (tapasśreṣṭhau) - best among ascetics, excellent ascetics

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tapasśreṣṭha

tapasśreṣṭha - best among ascetics, excellent in austerities (tapas)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+śreṣṭha)

• tapas – religious austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'munī'.

विनीतः (vinītaḥ) - humble, modest, well-behaved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinīta

vinīta - humble, modest, well-trained, disciplined, well-behaved

Past Passive Participle

From root nī (to lead) with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (the king).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the king's humble demeanor.

अभ्यवादयत् (abhyavādayat) - greeted respectfully, saluted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vad

Imperfect

From root vad (to speak) with upasargas abhi- and ava-, causative form, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vad (class 1)