वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-43, verse-16

ततो ऽभिवाद्य त्वरिताः पादौ रामस्य मूर्धभिः ।
तस्थुः समाहिताः सर्वे रामश्चाश्रूण्यवर्तयत् ॥१६॥

16. tato'bhivādya tvaritāḥ pādau rāmasya mūrdhabhiḥ ,
tasthuḥ samāhitāḥ sarve rāmaścāśrūṇyavartayat.

16. tataḥ abhivādya tvaritāḥ pādau rāmasya mūrdhabhiḥ
tasthuḥ samāhitāḥ sarve rāmaḥ ca aśrūṇi avartayat

16. tataḥ tvaritāḥ sarve abhivādya rāmasya pādau
mūrdhabhiḥ samāhitāḥ tasthuḥ ca rāmaḥ aśrūṇi avartayat

16. Then, having quickly bowed at Rāma's feet with their heads, all of them stood composed, and Rāma shed tears.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, afterwards

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having bowed to

• त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - quickly (acting quickly) (quick, hastened, swift)

• पादौ (pādau) - feet (dual)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

• मूर्धभिः (mūrdhabhiḥ) - with heads, by means of heads

• तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - they stood

• समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - composed, collected, attentive, focused

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• च (ca) - and, also

• अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

• अवर्तयत् (avartayat) - he caused to flow, he shed

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' with suffix -tas.

Note: Adverb of time, indicating sequence.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having bowed to

(indeclinable)

absolutiv (gerund)

Formed from root vad (class 1) with prefix abhi- and suffix -ya (after prefix).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'tasthuḥ'.

त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - quickly (acting quickly) (quick, hastened, swift)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarita

tvarita - quick, hastened, swift, hurried

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tvar (to hurry, hasten) with suffix -ita.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverbial adjective, describing 'sarve'.

पादौ (pādau) - feet (dual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, quarter, ray (of light)

Note: Object of 'abhivādya'.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name), pleasing, black, dark

Note: Modifies 'pādau'.

मूर्धभिः (mūrdhabhiḥ) - with heads, by means of heads

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

Note: Indicates the instrument of bowing (with their heads).

तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - they stood

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person plural active of root sthā (class 1).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'sarve'.

समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - composed, collected, attentive, focused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāhita

samāhita - composed, collected, attentive, focused, well-placed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'sarve'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Subject of 'tasthuḥ'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name), pleasing, black, dark

Note: Subject of 'avartayat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction, connects the two clauses.

अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of aśru

aśru - tear, tear-drop

Note: Object of 'avartayat'.

अवर्तयत् (avartayat) - he caused to flow, he shed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Active (Causative)

Imperfect 3rd person singular of the causative stem 'vartayati' (from root vṛt class 1).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'rāmaḥ'.

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