वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-43, verse-14

ते तु दृष्ट्वा मुखं तस्य सग्रहं शशिनं यथा ।
संध्यागतमिवादित्यं प्रभया परिवर्जितम् ॥१४॥

14. te tu dṛṣṭvā mukhaṃ tasya sagrahaṃ śaśinaṃ yathā ,
saṃdhyāgatamivādityaṃ prabhayā parivarjitam.

14. te tu dṛṣṭvā mukham tasya sagraham śaśinam yathā
sandhyāgatam iva ādityam prabhayā parivarjitam

14. te tu tasya mukham dṛṣṭvā yathā sagraham śaśinam
iva sandhyāgatam ādityam iva prabhayā parivarjitam

14. And they, having seen his face, which was like the moon afflicted by an eclipse, or like the sun at twilight, deprived of its radiance.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth, front

• तस्य (tasya) - his, its, of him/it

• सग्रहम् (sagraham) - afflicted by an eclipse (with a planet, seized (by an eclipse), afflicted by an evil planet)

• शशिनम् (śaśinam) - moon

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like, in the manner that

• सन्ध्यागतम् (sandhyāgatam) - (the sun) at twilight, having set (gone to twilight, reached evening)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - sun, son of Aditi

• प्रभया (prabhayā) - by radiance, by splendor, by light

• परिवर्जितम् (parivarjitam) - devoid of (deprived of, abandoned, shunned, forsaken)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the people seeing Rāma.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis or transition.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutiv (gerund)

Formed from root dṛś (class 1) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: As an absolutiv, it indicates an action completed before the main verb.

मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth, front

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front, opening

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, its, of him/it

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma, modifying 'mukham'.

सग्रहम् (sagraham) - afflicted by an eclipse (with a planet, seized (by an eclipse), afflicted by an evil planet)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sagraha

sagraha - seized by an evil planet, eclipsed, with planets, accompanied by planets

Bahuvrihi compound: 'sa' (with) + 'graha' (planet/seizing).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+graha)

• sa – with, accompanied by, having
  indeclinable
• graha – planet, seizing, grasp, eclipse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'śaśinam'.

शशिनम् (śaśinam) - moon

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaśin

śaśin - moon (lit. 'having a hare', referring to markings on the moon)

Note: Object of comparison for Rāma's face.

यथा (yathā) - just as, like, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used for comparison.

सन्ध्यागतम् (sandhyāgatam) - (the sun) at twilight, having set (gone to twilight, reached evening)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sandhyāgata

sandhyāgata - gone to evening, gone to twilight, set (for the sun)

Tatpurusha compound: 'sandhyā' (twilight) + 'gata' (gone, reached).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sandhyā+gata)

• sandhyā – twilight, evening, junction (of day and night)
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ādityam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - sun, son of Aditi

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - sun, son of Aditi, a god

Note: Object of comparison for Rāma's face.

प्रभया (prabhayā) - by radiance, by splendor, by light

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prabhā

prabhā - light, splendor, radiance, luster

Derived from root bhā 'to shine' with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 1)

Note: Used with 'parivarjitam' to indicate 'deprived of'.

परिवर्जितम् (parivarjitam) - devoid of (deprived of, abandoned, shunned, forsaken)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parivarjita

parivarjita - abandoned, shunned, forsaken, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛj (to abandon, shun) with prefixes pari- and vi-.

Prefixes: pari+vi

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mukham' (implicitly), describing its state.

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