वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-57, verse-4

सर्वथातिप्रवृद्धो ऽसौ रावणो राक्षसाधिपः ।
यस्य तां स्पृशतो गात्रं तपसा न विनाशितम् ॥४॥

4. sarvathātipravṛddho'sau rāvaṇo rākṣasādhipaḥ ,
yasya tāṃ spṛśato gātraṃ tapasā na vināśitam.

4. sarvathā atipravṛddhaḥ asau rāvaṇaḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ
yasya tām spṛśataḥ gātram tapasā na vināśitam

4. asau rākṣasādhipaḥ rāvaṇaḥ sarvathā atipravṛddhaḥ
yasya tām spṛśataḥ gātram tapasā na vināśitam

4. The demon king Rāvaṇa is utterly arrogant, for his body was not destroyed by the ascetic power (tapas) of Sītā when he touched her.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - utterly (in every way, entirely, completely, utterly)

• अतिप्रवृद्धः (atipravṛddhaḥ) - utterly arrogant (excessively grown, greatly increased, very powerful, extremely arrogant)

• असौ (asau) - that (Rāvaṇa) (that (person), he)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - the demon king (king of demons, lord of rākṣasas)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• ताम् (tām) - her (Sītā) (her, that (feminine singular accusative))

• स्पृशतः (spṛśataḥ) - of him touching (of one touching, while touching)

• गात्रम् (gātram) - his body (body, limb)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by the ascetic power (tapas) of Sītā (by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual power)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विनाशितम् (vināśitam) - destroyed (destroyed, ruined, annihilated)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - utterly (in every way, entirely, completely, utterly)

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) + thā suffix.

Note: Adverb modifying atipravṛddhaḥ.

अतिप्रवृद्धः (atipravṛddhaḥ) - utterly arrogant (excessively grown, greatly increased, very powerful, extremely arrogant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atipravṛddha

atipravṛddha - excessively grown, greatly increased, very strong, extremely arrogant, insolent

Past Passive Participle

ati-pra-vṛdh (to grow, increase) + kta suffix.

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (ati+pra+vṛddha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively
  indeclinable
• pra – forth, forward, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• vṛddha – grown, increased, old, great
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with -ta suffix.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Describes Rāvaṇa.

असौ (asau) - that (Rāvaṇa) (that (person), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the demon king of Laṅkā)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - the demon king (king of demons, lord of rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - lord/king of rākṣasas (demons)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – demon, goblin
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' (over) + root 'pā' (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to rāvaṇaḥ.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Connects to rāvaṇaḥ.

ताम् (tām) - her (Sītā) (her, that (feminine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of spṛśataḥ.

स्पृशतः (spṛśataḥ) - of him touching (of one touching, while touching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of spṛśat

spṛśat - touching, feeling

Present Active Participle

From root spṛś (class 6).

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Describes the action of Rāvaṇa when his body was not destroyed.

गात्रम् (gātram) - his body (body, limb)

(noun)

neuter, singular of gātra

gātra - body, limb

Note: Subject of vināśitam.

तपसा (tapasā) - by the ascetic power (tapas) of Sītā (by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual power)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, asceticism (tapas), spiritual austerity, religious fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agent of destruction in a passive construction.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates vināśitam.

विनाशितम् (vināśitam) - destroyed (destroyed, ruined, annihilated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vināśita

vināśita - destroyed, ruined, annihilated

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From causative stem nāśay (from naś to perish) with prefix vi- + kta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Predicate for gātram.