वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-50, verse-11

साधुर्वा यदि वासाधुर् परैरेष समर्पितः ।
ब्रुवन्परार्थं परवान्न दूतो वधमर्हति ॥११॥

11. sādhurvā yadi vāsādhur paraireṣa samarpitaḥ ,
bruvanparārthaṃ paravānna dūto vadhamarhati.

11. sādhuḥ vā yadi vā asādhuḥ paraiḥ eṣa samarpitaḥ
bruvan parārtham paravān na dūtaḥ vadham arhati

11. Whether he is virtuous or unvirtuous, he has been dispatched by others. A messenger who speaks for another's purpose and is dependent on another does not deserve execution.

Words meanings summery:

• साधुः (sādhuḥ) - good, virtuous, righteous

• वा (vā) - or

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or

• असाधुः (asādhuḥ) - bad, wicked, unvirtuous

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by others

• एष (eṣa) - this one, he

• समर्पितः (samarpitaḥ) - entrusted, delivered, dispatched

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

• परार्थम् (parārtham) - for another's purpose/sake, another's interest

• परवान् (paravān) - dependent on another, subject to another

• न (na) - not

• दूतः (dūtaḥ) - messenger, envoy

• वधम् (vadham) - death, killing, execution

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of

Words meanings and morphology

साधुः (sādhuḥ) - good, virtuous, righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, excellent, holy man

Root: sādh (class 10)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

असाधुः (asādhuḥ) - bad, wicked, unvirtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asādhu

asādhu - bad, wicked, unvirtuous, evil person

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpurusha (a+sādhu)

• a – not, un- (negation prefix)
  indeclinable
• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sādh (class 10)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by others

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant

एष (eṣa) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

समर्पितः (samarpitaḥ) - entrusted, delivered, dispatched

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samarpita

samarpita - entrusted, delivered, dispatched, offered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛ (to go) with prefixes sam and ā, forming causative 'samarpayati'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

परार्थम् (parārtham) - for another's purpose/sake, another's interest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parārtha

parārtha - another's purpose, interest, meaning for others

Compound type : Tatpurusha (para+artha)

• para – other, another
  adjective (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, interest, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here.

परवान् (paravān) - dependent on another, subject to another

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paravat

paravat - dependent on another, subject to another

Derived from 'para' with the 'matup' suffix.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

दूतः (dūtaḥ) - messenger, envoy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy, ambassador

Root: dūt (class 1)

वधम् (vadham) - death, killing, execution

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - death, killing, slaughter, destruction

Derived from root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)