वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-42, verse-19

स रोषसंवर्तितताम्रलोचनः प्रहस्तपुत्रे निहते महाबले ।
अमात्यपुत्रानतिवीर्यविक्रमान् समादिदेशाशु निशाचरेश्वरः ॥१९॥

19. sa roṣasaṃvartitatāmralocanaḥ prahastaputre nihate mahābale ,
amātyaputrānativīryavikramān samādideśāśu niśācareśvaraḥ.

19. saḥ roṣasaṃvartitatāmralocanaḥ prahastaputre nihate mahābale
amātyaputrān ativīryavikramān samādideśa āśu niśācareśvaraḥ

19. mahābale prahastaputre nihate saḥ niśācareśvaraḥ
roṣasaṃvartitatāmralocanaḥ āśu ativīryavikramān amātyaputrān samādideśa

19. When Prahasta's mighty son was slain, the lord of the night-prowlers, Rāvaṇa, his coppery eyes rolling with wrath, swiftly issued commands to the exceedingly valiant and powerful sons of his ministers.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• रोषसंवर्तितताम्रलोचनः (roṣasaṁvartitatāmralocanaḥ) - his coppery eyes rolling with wrath (one whose coppery eyes are rolled/turned by wrath)

• प्रहस्तपुत्रे (prahastaputre) - when Prahasta's son (Jambumālī) (in Prahasta's son, when Prahasta's son)

• निहते (nihate) - when slain (when slain, having been killed)

• महाबले (mahābale) - when the mighty one (in the mighty one, when the mighty one)

• अमात्यपुत्रान् (amātyaputrān) - sons of his ministers (sons of ministers)

• अतिवीर्यविक्रमान् (ativīryavikramān) - exceedingly valiant and powerful

• समादिदेश (samādideśa) - commanded, issued orders (commanded, ordered)

• आशु (āśu) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

• निशाचरेश्वरः (niśācareśvaraḥ) - the lord of night-prowlers (Rāvaṇa) (lord of night-prowlers (demons))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रोषसंवर्तितताम्रलोचनः (roṣasaṁvartitatāmralocanaḥ) - his coppery eyes rolling with wrath (one whose coppery eyes are rolled/turned by wrath)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of roṣasaṃvartitatāmralocana

roṣasaṁvartitatāmralocana - one whose coppery eyes are rolling/turned by anger

Compound type : bahuvrihi (roṣa+saṃvartita+tāmra+locana)

• roṣa – anger, wrath, fury
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ruṣ (class 4)
• saṃvartita – rolled, turned, contracted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix sam + root vṛt (to turn) + ita
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• tāmra – coppery, reddish-brown
  adjective
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)
  Root: loc (class 10)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

प्रहस्तपुत्रे (prahastaputre) - when Prahasta's son (Jambumālī) (in Prahasta's son, when Prahasta's son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prahastaputra

prahastaputra - son of Prahasta

Compound type : tatpurusha (prahasta+putra)

• prahasta – Prahasta (a rakṣasa general, Rāvaṇa's minister)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative absolute construction with nihate and mahābale.

निहते (nihate) - when slain (when slain, having been killed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to slay

Past Passive Participle

Prefix ni + root han, participle suffix ta

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with prahastaputre in a locative absolute construction.

महाबले (mahābale) - when the mighty one (in the mighty one, when the mighty one)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+bala)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with prahastaputre in a locative absolute construction.

अमात्यपुत्रान् (amātyaputrān) - sons of his ministers (sons of ministers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amātyaputra

amātyaputra - son of a minister

Compound type : tatpurusha (amātya+putra)

• amātya – minister, companion, counsellor
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

अतिवीर्यविक्रमान् (ativīryavikramān) - exceedingly valiant and powerful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ativīryavikrama

ativīryavikrama - one of excessive valor and might

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ati+vīrya+vikrama)

• ati – excessive, beyond
  indeclinable
  prefix or adverb
• vīrya – valor, heroism, strength
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vīr
• vikrama – valor, might, courage, heroic step
  noun (masculine)
  vi + kram (to step)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with amātyaputrān.

समादिदेश (samādideśa) - commanded, issued orders (commanded, ordered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of diś

Prefixes sam + ā + root diś, reduplicated perfect form

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: diś (class 6)

आशु (āśu) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use

निशाचरेश्वरः (niśācareśvaraḥ) - the lord of night-prowlers (Rāvaṇa) (lord of night-prowlers (demons))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācareśvara

niśācareśvara - lord of night-prowlers/demons

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśācara+īśvara)

• niśācara – night-prowler, demon, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
  niśā (night) + car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.