वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-56, verse-4

एतां बुद्धिं ततश्चक्रुः सर्वे ते वानरर्षभाः ।
अवतार्य गिरेः शृङ्गाद्गृध्रमाहाङ्गदस्तदा ॥४॥

4. etāṃ buddhiṃ tataścakruḥ sarve te vānararṣabhāḥ ,
avatārya gireḥ śṛṅgādgṛdhramāhāṅgadastadā.

4. etām buddhim tataḥ cakruḥ sarve te vānararṣabhāḥ
avatārya gireḥ śṛṅgāt gṛdhram āha aṅgadaḥ tadā

4. tataḥ te sarve vānararṣabhāḥ etām buddhim cakruḥ.
tadā aṅgadaḥ gireḥ śṛṅgāt gṛdhram avatārya āha.

4. Then all those chief monkeys made this decision. Angada then spoke to the vulture, after bringing him down from the mountain peak.

Words meanings summery:

• एताम् (etām) - this, referring to something near or previously mentioned

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - a decision or resolution (intellect, understanding, perception, decision, resolve)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that, therefore

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did, they performed

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• ते (te) - those, they

• वानरर्षभाः (vānararṣabhāḥ) - best among monkeys, chief monkeys

• अवतार्य (avatārya) - having brought down, having caused to descend, having lowered

• गिरेः (gireḥ) - of the mountain

• शृङ्गात् (śṛṅgāt) - from the peak (of the mountain) (from the peak, from the horn, from the summit)

• गृध्रम् (gṛdhram) - the vulture (Sampāti) (vulture, greedy)

• आह (āha) - he said, he spoke

• अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Angada (proper name)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

एताम् (etām) - this, referring to something near or previously mentioned

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to 'buddhim'.

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - a decision or resolution (intellect, understanding, perception, decision, resolve)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, judgment, intention, decision, resolve

From root 'budh' (to know, perceive) + 'ktin' suffix

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cakruḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that, therefore

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'tas' suffix

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Tense

From root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is 'sarve te vānararṣabhāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'vānararṣabhāḥ'.

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'vānararṣabhāḥ'.

वानरर्षभाः (vānararṣabhāḥ) - best among monkeys, chief monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānararṣabha

vānararṣabha - a chief monkey, best of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+ṛṣabha)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'cakruḥ'.

अवतार्य (avatārya) - having brought down, having caused to descend, having lowered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root 'tṛ' (to cross, pass over) with prefix 'ava' (down) in causative form + 'lyap' suffix

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb, indicating a prior action.

गिरेः (gireḥ) - of the mountain

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Note: Qualifies 'śṛṅgāt'.

शृङ्गात् (śṛṅgāt) - from the peak (of the mountain) (from the peak, from the horn, from the summit)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śṛṅga

śṛṅga - horn, peak, summit, top

Note: Indicates the point from which the vulture was brought down.

गृध्रम् (gṛdhram) - the vulture (Sampāti) (vulture, greedy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, eagle, greedy, covetous

From root 'gṛdh' (to be greedy)

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'avatārya' and implied object of 'āha'.

आह (āha) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect Tense

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Angada (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - Angada (name of a monkey prince)

Literally 'having an armlet' or 'bracelet'.

Note: Subject of 'āha'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'dā' suffix (indicating time)

Note: Temporal adverb.