वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-56, verse-10

रावणं विरथं कृत्वा स्थापयित्वा च मैथिलीम् ।
परिश्रान्तश्च वृद्धश्च रावणेन हतो रणे ॥१०॥

10. rāvaṇaṃ virathaṃ kṛtvā sthāpayitvā ca maithilīm ,
pariśrāntaśca vṛddhaśca rāvaṇena hato raṇe.

10. rāvaṇam viratham kṛtvā sthāpayitvā ca maithilīm
pariśrāntaḥ ca vṛddhaḥ ca rāvaṇena hataḥ raṇe

10. rāvaṇam viratham kṛtvā ca maithilīm sthāpayitvā
pariśrāntaḥ ca vṛddhaḥ ca rāvaṇena raṇe hataḥ

10. Having made Ravana dismount from his chariot and having made Maithili halt, (Jatayu), who was exhausted and old, was killed by Ravana in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Ravana

• विरथम् (viratham) - dismounted from his chariot (chariotiess, deprived of chariot)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having rendered (having done, having made)

• स्थापयित्वा (sthāpayitvā) - having made to halt, having stopped (having caused to stand, having placed, having stopped)

• च (ca) - and

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Maithili (Sita)

• परिश्रान्तः (pariśrāntaḥ) - exhausted, very tired

• च (ca) - and

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged

• च (ca) - and

• रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Ravana

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, destroyed

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the demon king of Lanka)

Note: Object of kṛtvā

विरथम् (viratham) - dismounted from his chariot (chariotiess, deprived of chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, chariotiess; dismounted from a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart from, dis-
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes rāvaṇam

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having rendered (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ (to do, make) + ktvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates a prior action by Jatayu

स्थापयित्वा (sthāpayitvā) - having made to halt, having stopped (having caused to stand, having placed, having stopped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) - Causal

From causal stem of root sthā (to stand) + ktvā suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action by Jatayu

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two absolutives

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Maithili (Sita)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Maithili (Sita, daughter of the king of Mithila/Videha); a woman from Mithila

Note: Object of sthāpayitvā (implied direct object of the causal verb)

परिश्रान्तः (pariśrāntaḥ) - exhausted, very tired

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariśrānta

pariśrānta - exhausted, completely tired, worn out

Past Passive Participle

From root śram (to be weary) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Refers to Jatayu (subject of hataḥ)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects adjectives

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Jatayu

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects adjectives

रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Ravana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the demon king of Lanka)

Note: Agent in passive construction

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, smitten

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective, refers to Jatayu (implied subject)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, conflict

Note: Indicates location of the action.