वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-56, verse-12

ततो मम पितृव्येण सुग्रीवेण महात्मना ।
चकार राघवः सख्यं सो ऽवधीत् पितरं मम ॥१२॥

12. tato mama pitṛvyeṇa sugrīveṇa mahātmanā ,
cakāra rāghavaḥ sakhyaṃ so'vadhīt pitaraṃ mama.

12. tataḥ mama pitṛvyena sugrīveṇa mahātmanā cakāra
rāghavaḥ sakhyam saḥ avadhīt pitaram mama

12. tataḥ rāghavaḥ mama mahātmanā pitṛvyena
sugrīveṇa sakhyam cakāra saḥ mama pitaram avadhīt

12. Then, Rāma, the descendant of Raghu, formed a friendship with my great-souled paternal uncle, Sugrīva. He (Rāma) then killed my father (Vālin).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• मम (mama) - my (Angada's) (my, of me)

• पितृव्येन (pitṛvyena) - by the paternal uncle Sugrīva (by the paternal uncle)

• सुग्रीवेण (sugrīveṇa) - by Sugriva

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the noble one

• चकार (cakāra) - he formed (friendship) (he made, he did)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

• सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rāma) (he)

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he killed

• पितरम् (pitaram) - my (Angada's) father, Vālin (father)

• मम (mama) - my (Angada's) (my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad.

मम (mama) - my (Angada's) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Pronominal stem for 1st person singular.

Note: Refers to the speaker (Angada).

पितृव्येन (pitṛvyena) - by the paternal uncle Sugrīva (by the paternal uncle)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛvya

pitṛvya - paternal uncle (father's brother)

From pitṛ (father)

Note: Refers to Sugrīva. Instrumental case indicating association.

सुग्रीवेण (sugrīveṇa) - by Sugriva

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (proper name, king of monkeys)

su (good) + grīvā (neck) - 'one with a beautiful neck'

Note: Agrees with pitṛvyena.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the noble one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with sugrīveṇa.

चकार (cakāra) - he formed (friendship) (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is rāghavaḥ.

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from raghu.

Note: Refers to Rama. Subject of cakāra.

सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakhya

sakhya - friendship, companionship

From sakhi (friend).

Note: Object of cakāra.

सः (saḥ) - he (Rāma) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to rāghavaḥ. Subject of avadhīt.

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of han

Aorist Active

Irregular Aorist form from root han. Also occurs as root vadh.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Past tense verb.

पितरम् (pitaram) - my (Angada's) father, Vālin (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Refers to Vālin. Object of avadhīt.

मम (mama) - my (Angada's) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Pronominal stem for 1st person singular.

Note: Refers to the speaker (Angada).