वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-56, verse-18

ते वयं कपिराजस्य सर्वे वचनकारिणः ।
कृतां संस्थामतिक्रान्ता भयात् प्रायमुपास्महे ॥१८॥

18. te vayaṃ kapirājasya sarve vacanakāriṇaḥ ,
kṛtāṃ saṃsthāmatikrāntā bhayāt prāyamupāsmahe.

18. te vayam kapirājasya sarve vacanakāriṇaḥ |
kṛtām saṃsthām atikrāntāḥ bhayāt prāyam upāsmahe

18. te vayam sarve kapirājasya vacanakāriṇaḥ kṛtām
saṃsthām atikrāntāḥ bhayāt prāyam upāsmahe

18. We, all of us who are obedient to the king of monkeys, have transgressed the agreed-upon condition, and out of fear, we resort to a fast unto death (prāya).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• कपिराजस्य (kapirājasya) - of Sugriva, the king of Vanaras (of the king of monkeys)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• वचनकारिणः (vacanakāriṇaḥ) - obedient to the word, carrying out the orders

• कृताम् (kṛtām) - the condition that was set (made, done, agreed upon)

• संस्थाम् (saṁsthām) - The stipulated condition of returning within a month. (condition, agreement, compact)

• अतिक्रान्ताः (atikrāntāḥ) - transgressed, violated, passed beyond

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

• प्रायम् (prāyam) - fast unto death, resolve to die

• उपास्महे (upāsmahe) - We resort to the fast unto death. (we resort to, we reverence, we worship)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the group of monkeys.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कपिराजस्य (kapirājasya) - of Sugriva, the king of Vanaras (of the king of monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kapirāja

kapirāja - king of monkeys

Compound of kapi (monkey) and rāja (king)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kapi+rāja)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, referring to Sugriva.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'vayam'.

वचनकारिणः (vacanakāriṇaḥ) - obedient to the word, carrying out the orders

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vacanakārin

vacanakārin - obedient, one who does what is said

Compound of vacana (word) and kārin (doer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vacana+kārin)

• vacana – word, speech, command
  noun (neuter)
  From root vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• kārin – doing, making, performer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'vayam'.

कृताम् (kṛtām) - the condition that was set (made, done, agreed upon)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make) + kta

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsthām'.

संस्थाम् (saṁsthām) - The stipulated condition of returning within a month. (condition, agreement, compact)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃsthā

saṁsthā - condition, agreement, compact, establishment

From sam- + sthā (to stand)

Prefix: sam

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'atikrāntāḥ'.

अतिक्रान्ताः (atikrāntāḥ) - transgressed, violated, passed beyond

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atikrānta

atikrānta - transgressed, violated, passed beyond

Past Passive Participle

From ati- + kram (to step, pass) + kta

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vayam'.

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread

From root bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Indicates the reason for resorting to 'prāya'.

प्रायम् (prāyam) - fast unto death, resolve to die

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāya

prāya - fast unto death, resolve to die, departure

From pra- + i (to go)

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'upāsmahe'.

उपास्महे (upāsmahe) - We resort to the fast unto death. (we resort to, we reverence, we worship)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Present Indicative

From upa- + ās (to sit)

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Emphasizes the decision to undertake the 'prāya'.