वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-37, verse-4

अग्निहोत्रेषु तीर्थेषु चैत्यवृक्षेषु रावण ।
अत्यन्तघोरो व्यचरंस्तापसांस्तान्प्रधर्षयन् ॥४॥

4. agnihotreṣu tīrtheṣu caityavṛkṣeṣu rāvaṇa ,
atyantaghoro vyacaraṃstāpasāṃstānpradharṣayan.

4. agnihotreṣu tīrtheṣu caityavṛkṣeṣu rāvaṇa
atyantaghoraḥ vyacaram tāpasān tān pradharṣayan

4. rāvaṇa atyantaghoraḥ aham agnihotreṣu tīrtheṣu
caityavṛkṣeṣu tān tāpasān pradharṣayan vyacaram

4. O Rāvaṇa, I, extremely terrible, wandered through places of Vedic fire rituals (agnihotra), sacred pilgrimage sites (tīrtha), and near sacred trees, assailing those ascetics.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्निहोत्रेषु (agnihotreṣu) - in Vedic fire rituals (agnihotra) (in fire rituals)

• तीर्थेषु (tīrtheṣu) - in sacred pilgrimage sites (tīrtha) (in sacred places, in fords)

• चैत्यवृक्षेषु (caityavṛkṣeṣu) - near sacred trees/shrines (near sacred trees, at shrines)

• रावण (rāvaṇa) - O Rāvaṇa

• अत्यन्तघोरः (atyantaghoraḥ) - extremely terrible, very fierce

• व्यचरम् (vyacaram) - I wandered

• तापसान् (tāpasān) - ascetics, hermits

• तान् (tān) - those

• प्रधर्षयन् (pradharṣayan) - harassing, assailing

Words meanings and morphology

अग्निहोत्रेषु (agnihotreṣu) - in Vedic fire rituals (agnihotra) (in fire rituals)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of agnihotra

agnihotra - fire ritual, especially the daily oblation

Tatpurusha compound: agni (fire) + hotra (oblation)

Compound type : tatpurusha (agni+hotra)

• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• hotra – oblation, sacrifice, offering, act of offering
  noun (neuter)
  From root hu- (to offer)
  Root: hu (class 3)

तीर्थेषु (tīrtheṣu) - in sacred pilgrimage sites (tīrtha) (in sacred places, in fords)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of tīrtha

tīrtha - ford, bathing place, sacred place, place of pilgrimage

चैत्यवृक्षेषु (caityavṛkṣeṣu) - near sacred trees/shrines (near sacred trees, at shrines)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of caityavṛkṣa

caityavṛkṣa - a sacred tree, tree marking a shrine

Tatpurusha compound: caitya (shrine) + vṛkṣa (tree)

Compound type : tatpurusha (caitya+vṛkṣa)

• caitya – shrine, sacred monument, object of worship
  noun (neuter)
• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)

रावण (rāvaṇa) - O Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Lanka)

अत्यन्तघोरः (atyantaghoraḥ) - extremely terrible, very fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atyantaghora

atyantaghora - exceedingly fierce, extremely dreadful

Tatpurusha compound: atyanta (extreme) + ghora (terrible)

Compound type : tatpurusha (atyanta+ghora)

• atyanta – exceeding, excessive, extreme
  adjective
  Often used as an adverbial prefix
• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fierce
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to the speaker ("I").

व्यचरम् (vyacaram) - I wandered

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyacar

Imperfect

1st singular active, from root car- (to move, go) with prefixes vi- and a-

Prefixes: vi+a

Root: car (class 1)

तापसान् (tāpasān) - ascetics, hermits

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, one who practices austerity (tapas)

Derived from tapas (austerity)

Note: Object of pradharṣayan.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to tāpasān.

प्रधर्षयन् (pradharṣayan) - harassing, assailing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradharṣayat

pradharṣayat - assailing, harassing, overpowering

Present active participle

From root dhṛṣ- (to be bold, dare) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The form pradharṣayan is nominative singular masculine, agreeing with the speaker.

Previous Verse Next Verse