वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-37, verse-19

अहं तस्य प्रभावज्ञो न युद्धं तेन ते क्षमम् ।
रणे रामेण युध्यस्व क्षमां वा कुरु राक्षस ।
न ते रामकथा कार्या यदि मां द्रष्टुमिच्छसि ॥१९॥

19. ahaṃ tasya prabhāvajño na yuddhaṃ tena te kṣamam ,
raṇe rāmeṇa yudhyasva kṣamāṃ vā kuru rākṣasa ,
na te rāmakathā kāryā yadi māṃ draṣṭumicchasi.

19. aham tasya prabhāvajñaḥ na yuddham
tena te kṣamam raṇe rāmeṇa yudhyasva
kṣamām vā kuru rākṣasa na te
rāmakathā kāryā yadi mām draṣṭum icchasi

19. aham tasya prabhāvajñaḥ tena te
yuddham na kṣamam rākṣasa rāmeṇa raṇe
yudhyasva vā kṣamām kuru yadi mām
draṣṭum icchasi te rāmakathā na kāryā

19. I know his power, and a war with him is not fitting for you. O Rākṣasa, either fight Rāma in battle, or seek his forgiveness. If you wish to see me (alive), you should not even speak of Rāma.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I, me

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• प्रभावज्ञः (prabhāvajñaḥ) - aware of his immense power (knowing the power, expert in influence)

• न (na) - not, no

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war, fight

• तेन (tena) - by him, with him

• ते (te) - for you (Rāvaṇa) (for you, to you)

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, fit, able

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma, with Rāma

• युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight! engage in battle!

• क्षमाम् (kṣamām) - peace or forgiveness (from Rāma) (forgiveness, patience, peace)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform

• राक्षस (rākṣasa) - O demon, O Rākṣasa

• न (na) - not, no

• ते (te) - by you, for you

• रामकथा (rāmakathā) - talk concerning Rāma (in a challenging/hostile way) (story of Rāma, talk about Rāma)

• कार्या (kāryā) - should be engaged in (or not engaged in, due to 'na') (to be done, should be done, fitting)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• माम् (mām) - me

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, for seeing

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I, me

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

प्रभावज्ञः (prabhāvajñaḥ) - aware of his immense power (knowing the power, expert in influence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhāvajña

prabhāvajña - knowing power/might/influence

Compound type : tatpurusha (prabhāva+jña)

• prabhāva – power, might, influence
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-bhū (to be powerful)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• jña – knower, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Can also be accusative. Here nominative as subject of 'kṣamam'.

तेन (tena) - by him, with him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

ते (te) - for you (Rāvaṇa) (for you, to you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, fit, able

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - able, fit, suitable, proper

From root kṣam (to be able, to endure)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddham'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, conflict

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma, with Rāma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper noun, often referring to the hero of Rāmāyaṇa); pleasing, black

युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight! engage in battle!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Imperative middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

क्षमाम् (kṣamām) - peace or forgiveness (from Rāma) (forgiveness, patience, peace)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - forgiveness, patience, peace, earth

From root kṣam (to be patient, forgive)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kuru'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

राक्षस (rākṣasa) - O demon, O Rākṣasa

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, Rākṣasa

Note: Vocative addressing Rāvaṇa.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - by you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Often used in passive constructions for the agent ('by you').

रामकथा (rāmakathā) - talk concerning Rāma (in a challenging/hostile way) (story of Rāma, talk about Rāma)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rāmakathā

rāmakathā - story of Rāma

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāma+kathā)

• rāma – Rāma
  proper noun (masculine)
• kathā – story, tale, narrative, talk
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of passive verb 'kāryā'.

कार्या (kāryā) - should be engaged in (or not engaged in, due to 'na') (to be done, should be done, fitting)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, work

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmakathā'. Implies 'should not be done'.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'draṣṭum'.

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, for seeing

(verb)

infinitive of dṛś

Infinitive

Infinitive from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

Present active indicative

Root: iṣ (class 6)